A meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of eye movements and visual word reading

Zhou, Wei; Shu, Hua

doi:10.1002/brb3.683

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, in a study by Jobard et al (2007), the authors directly contrast reading text to listening to speech and report activation in the left precentral gyrus and superior parietal lobe, regions within the DAN, as well as bilateral occipital regions, thus suggesting that the DAN engages during reading rather than auditory presentation of language. A recent meta-analysis of word reading and eye movements during fMRI support this notion, demonstrating overlapping activation for reading and eye movements in left superior parietal and precentral regions (Zhou & Shu, 2017). It is possible that the recruitment of the DAN in this study reflects the use of visually presented text and increased use of this network during aging is used to help maintain and orient visual attention to the text.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Age-Related Atrophy and Compensatory Neural Networks in Reading Comprehension

Fitzhugh

Braden

Sabbagh

et al. 2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives Despite changes to brain integrity with aging, some functions like basic language processes remain remarkably preserved. One theory for the maintenance of function in light of age-related brain atrophy is the engagement of compensatory brain networks. This study examined age-related changes in the neural networks recruited for simple language comprehension. Methods Sixty-five adults (native English-speaking, right-handed, and cognitively normal) aged 17–85 years underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reading paradigm and structural scanning. The fMRI data were analyzed using independent component analysis to derive brain networks associated with reading comprehension. Results Two typical frontotemporal language networks were identified, and these networks remained relatively stable across the wide age range. In contrast, three attention-related networks showed increased activation with increasing age. Furthermore, the increased recruitment of a dorsal attention network was negatively correlated to gray matter thickness in temporal regions, whereas an anterior frontoparietal network was positively correlated to gray matter thickness in insular regions. Conclusions We found evidence that older adults can exert increased effort and recruit additional attentional resources to maintain their reading abilities in light of increased cortical atrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Age-Related Atrophy and Compensatory Neural Networks in Reading Comprehension

Fitzhugh

Braden

Sabbagh

et al. 2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Left PCun has been implicated in orthographic representation [83] and monitoring the orthographic and phonological consistency related to attention [84], however, it is also has been suggested to associate with semantic representation [85]. A large amount of studies have suggested that left MFG is also associated with semantic representation (for a review see [77]), in addition to allocation spatial attention during word recognition [86], but it is not strongly associated with orthographic representation. It is possible that our finding of repetition enhancement in left PCun and left MFG is related to the co-activation of semantic representations of the embedded words, consistent with the view that sub-word orthographic interference is strong enough to connect with meaning and induce semantic interference [20, 87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded word priming elicits enhanced fMRI responses in the visual word form area

Zhang

Whitney²,

Strother

2019

PLoS ONE

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Lexical embedding is common in all languages and elicits mutual orthographic interference between an embedded word and its carrier. The neural basis of such interference remains unknown. We employed a novel fMRI prime-target embedded word paradigm to test for involvement of a visual word form area (VWFA) in left ventral occipitotemporal cortex in co-activation of embedded words and their carriers. Based on the results of related fMRI studies we predicted either enhancement or suppression of fMRI responses to embedded words initially viewed as primes, and repeated in the context of target carrier words. Our results clearly showed enhancement of fMRI responses in the VWFA to embedded-carrier word pairs as compared to unrelated prime-target pairs. In contrast to non-visual language-related areas (e.g., left inferior frontal gyrus), enhanced fMRI responses did not occur in the VWFA when embedded-carrier word pairs were restricted to the left visual hemifield. Our finding of fMRI enhancement in the VWFA is novel evidence of its involvement in representational rivalry between orthographically similar words, and the co-activation of embedded words and their carriers.

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“…The four active TMS sites were localized by means of stereotaxic navigation on individual estimated MRIs obtained through a 3D warping procedure fitting a high-resolution MRI template with the participant's scalp model and craniometric points (Softaxic, EMS). Neuro-navigation used anatomical Talairach coordinates (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) obtained by converting the MNI coordinates of the sites of interest from a recent meta-analysis of fMRI studies of eye movements (Zhou and Shu, 2017). Coordinates were x ϭ Ϫ36, y ϭ Ϫ1, z ϭ 48 and x ϭ 36 y ϭ Ϫ1, z ϭ 48 for left and right FEF, respectively, and x ϭ Ϫ30, y ϭ Ϫ53, z ϭ 49 and x ϭ 30, y ϭ Ϫ53, z ϭ 49 for left and right IPS, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional analysis was performed to assess whether the chosen coordinates for the FEF stimulation site were optimal with respect to the putative cortical location of FEF at the level of individual participants. Here, coordinates for the FEF site were derived from the existing literature (Zhou and Shu, 2017). However, it is also known that the distance between FEF and M1 is ϳ2 cm in humans (Müri et al, 1991;Ro et al, 1999).…”

Section: Effect Of Tms On Visual Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Neural Mechanisms for Distractor Filtering and Their History-Contingent Modulation by Means of TMS

et al. 2019

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In visual search, the presence of a salient, yet task-irrelevant, distractor in the stimulus array interferes with target selection and slows down performance. Neuroimaging data point to a key role of the frontoparietal dorsal attention network in dealing with visual distractors; however, the respective roles of different nodes within the network and their hemispheric specialization are still unresolved. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evaluate the causal role of two key regions of the dorsal attention network in resisting attentional capture by a salient singleton distractor: the frontal eye field (FEF) and the cortex within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The task of the participants (male/female human volunteers) was to discriminate the pointing direction of a target arrow while ignoring a task-irrelevant salient distractor. Immediately after stimulus onset, triple-pulse 10 Hz TMS was delivered either to IPS or FEF on either side of the brain. Results indicated that TMS over the right FEF significantly reduced the behavioral cost engendered by the salient distractor relative to left FEF stimulation. No such effect was obtained with stimulation of IPS on either side of brain. Interestingly, this FEF-dependent reduction in distractor interference interacted with the contingent trial history, being maximal when no distractor was present on the previous trial relative to when there was one. Our results provide direct causal evidence that the right FEF houses key mechanisms for distractor filtering, pointing to a pivotal role of the frontal cortex of the right hemisphere in limiting interference from an irrelevant but attention-grabbing stimulus.

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A meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of eye movements and visual word reading

Cited by 15 publications

References 92 publications

Age-Related Atrophy and Compensatory Neural Networks in Reading Comprehension

Age-Related Atrophy and Compensatory Neural Networks in Reading Comprehension

Embedded word priming elicits enhanced fMRI responses in the visual word form area

Probing the Neural Mechanisms for Distractor Filtering and Their History-Contingent Modulation by Means of TMS

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