A meta-analysis of Cryptosporidium species in humans from southern Africa (2000–2020)

Omolabi, Kehinde F.; Odeniran, Paul Olalekan

doi:10.1007/s12639-021-01436-4

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Only Cryptosporidium (13%) and Giardia lamblia (8%) parasites were detected in the stool samples. According to Omoladi et al [ 79 ], the overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp infection in Southern African countries was 16.8%, which is mainly due to the high number of immunocompromised individuals in the region suffering from HIV/Aids. In this study, no samples tested positive for Entamoema histolytica or Cyclospora cayetanensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Burden of Co-Infection with Multiple Enteric Pathogens in Children Suffering with Diarrhoea from Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in South Africa

et al. 2023

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Infectious diarrhoea contributes to high morbidity and mortality in young children from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of single and multiple diarrhoeal-causing pathogen combinations in children suffering from diarrhoea from rural and peri-urban communities in South Africa. A total of 275 diarrhoea stool specimens were collected between 2014 and 2016 from Hospitals and Primary Health Care clinics. The BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal panel was used to simultaneously detect 22 diarrhoea pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) known to cause diarrhoea. A total of 82% (226/275) enteric pathogens were detected in the stool specimens. The two most detected bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens each included: EAEC (42%), EPEC (32%), Adenovirus F40/41 (19%), Norovirus (15%), Giardia (8%) and Cryptosporidium (6%), respectively. Single enteric pathogen infections were recorded in 24% (65/275) specimens with EAEC, and Norovirus was found in 26% (17/65) and 14% (9/65) of the specimens, respectively. Multiple enteric pathogen combinations were recorded in 59% (161/275) of the stool specimens with 53% (85/161) containing two pathogens, 22% (35/161) containing three pathogens and 25% (41/161) containing four or more pathogens. The results from this study demonstrated the complex nature of pathogen co-infections in diarrhoeal episodes which could have an impact on treatment effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Burden of Co-Infection with Multiple Enteric Pathogens in Children Suffering with Diarrhoea from Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in South Africa

et al. 2023

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“…Experimental transmission studies have also confirmed its infectivity for calves, pigs, rabbits, rats and mice and humans [ 173 , 174 ]. It is the third most common Cryptosporidium species in humans [ 1 , 175 ] and has also been identified in colon adenocarcinoma tissue in an immunocompetent Polish patient [ 176 ]. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. meleagridis may originally have been a mammalian parasite that secondarily became established in birds [ 177 ].…”

Section: Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans

Ryan

Zahedi

Feng

et al. 2021

Animals

118

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The enteric parasite, Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans and animals worldwide. No effective therapeutics or vaccines are available and therefore control is dependent on understanding transmission dynamics. The development of molecular detection and typing tools has resulted in the identification of a large number of cryptic species and genotypes and facilitated our understanding of their potential for zoonotic transmission. Of the 44 recognised Cryptosporidium species and >120 genotypes, 19 species, and four genotypes have been reported in humans with C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis and C. felis being the most prevalent. The development of typing tools that are still lacking some zoonotic species and genotypes and more extensive molecular epidemiological studies in countries where the potential for transmission is highest are required to further our understanding of this important zoonotic pathogen. Similarly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) are important for more accurately tracking transmission and understanding the mechanisms behind host specificity.

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“…A direct microscopic method is obtained using morphological identification with a 100× oil immersion lens. It uses different staining techniques such as hot or cold modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) and auramine phenol to detect the oocyst containing four mature sporozoites (7). The microscopical method is an excellent tool and highly economical but requires expertise and experienced diagnostic personnel to reduce false-positive results and thus can be time-consuming and also parasites species and multiple infections the microscopic examination cannot detected these issues (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in calf feces using microscopical, serological, and molecular methods

Felefel¹,

Abdel-Rady²,

El-Rahim³

et al. 2023

IJVS

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Cryptosporidiosis is a critical gastrointestinal disease in calves. This study examined 150 fecal samples of diarrheic calves collected from the eastern region of Saudi Arabia for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum using the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) method, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The performance of these methods was assessed using diagnostic accuracy tests. The present study identified C. parvum oocysts in fecal samples by modified Ziehl-Neelsen 40/150; 26.66%, ELIZA 60/150; 40%, and PCR 78/150; 52% methods, respectively. The microscopic method revealed higher specificity 65.27% than the ELIZA 51.38%, while the ELIZA showed higher sensitivity 32.05% than MZN method 19.23%. However, MZN and ELIZA methods were unsatisfactory diagnostic tools compared with the PCR as the area under the curve values in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis were less than 0.6. Furthermore, using the kappa analysis test revealed no agreement between MZN and ELISA methods compared with PCR at P<0.05.

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A meta-analysis of Cryptosporidium species in humans from southern Africa (2000–2020)

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

High Burden of Co-Infection with Multiple Enteric Pathogens in Children Suffering with Diarrhoea from Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in South Africa

High Burden of Co-Infection with Multiple Enteric Pathogens in Children Suffering with Diarrhoea from Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in South Africa

An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans

Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in calf feces using microscopical, serological, and molecular methods

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