“…This is achieved with the addition of an attractive term in the conservative force. Since its inception, MDPD has found application in areas of research such as droplets, [27][28][29] flow over surfaces, 30 bubbles, 31 and liquid bridges. 32 An additional drawback of the DPD method is that no standard parametrisation scheme exists for assigning the strength of interactions between different bead species (akin to the concept of a force field in molecular dynamics).…”