A mesoporous ruthenium silica hybrid aerogel with outstanding catalytic properties in the synthesis of N,N-diethylformamide from CO2, H2 and diethylamine

MCM‐41 Bound Ruthenium Complex as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation I: Effect of Support, Ligand and Solvent on the Catalyst Performance

“…CO 2 -expanded solvent also has lower viscosity and higher heat and mass transfer rate, thus making it a good medium for CO 2 hydrogenation. [17][18][19][20] After the reaction, the analysis of the gas and liquid product mixture by GC and GC-MS confirmed that no gaseous by-products of CO and CH 4 were formed and the results of these two analytical methods agreed quite well.…”

“…The heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts on an insoluble matrix has emerged as a major option to solve these problems. [12][13][14][15][16][17] All of those can prompt us to combine the advantages of both the heterogeneous catalysts and the scCO 2 .…”

Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

“…Baiker et al found that sol-gel, silica-and aerogelsupported analogues of RuCl 2 (dppm) 2 , RuCl 2 (dppp) 2 , RuCl 2 [P(CH 3 ) 3 ] 4 , and related complexes had both recyclability and considerable TOF values. 305,306,311,312 The structures of these hybrid materials affect the outcome of DMF synthesis, indicating that a suitable choice of supporting material for immobilization of the Ru complexes is fairly important. Ikariya's group prepared Ru-based catalysts supported on a cross-linked graft copolymer resin.…”

Utilization of carbon dioxide in heterogeneous catalytic synthesis

“…54 More recently, the performance of the ruthenium-silica hybrid catalysts could be greatly improved further by applying the bidentate RuCl 2 (dppp) 2 complex 55 as precursor and by optimization of the textural properties (pore size distribution, accessibility of active complexes in solid matrix). 70 Comparative catalytic tests of microporous xerogels and mesoporous aerogels (Fig. 8) indicated that the catalytic performance of the previously prepared xerogel catalysts (Fig.…”

“…This limitation can be eliminated by preparing mesoporous aerogels. 70 This preparation requires supercritical drying instead of conventional evaporative drying in order to avoid the collapse of the tenuous porous network of the gels due to the detrimental capillary stress during drying. 71 Figure 8 illustrates how these different drying processes affect the pore size distribution of the final hybrid gels and in turn their catalytic performance.…”