A Meso-Scale Low Family Formed over the Northeastern Japan Sea in the Northwestern Part of a Parent Polar Low

Ninomiya, K.

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.72.4_589

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Moreover this moist convection could be intensified by local frontogenesis (i.e., baroclinic instability). Ninomiya (1994) estimated the contributions of barotropic and baroclinic instability to the intensification of a mesoscale low by using the maximum growth rate calculated from observed meteorological parameters. In the future, the development of MβVs in association with convective activities should be investigated synthetically in connection with barotropic, baroclinic and thermal instability theories.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Energy Budget Analysis on the Development of a Meso-β-Scale Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall, Observed over Aomori Prefecture in Northern Japan on 11 November 2007

Hirockawa

Kato

2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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On 11 November 2007, record heavy rainfall was observed over Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan. Numerical simulations were performed using a non-hydrostatic model with a horizontal resolution of 5 km (5km-NHM) to clarify the formation mechanisms of this heavy rainfall. The results revealed that a meso-β scale vortical disturbance (MβV) originated over the offshore area with strong horizontal wind shear southeast of Aomori Prefecture at 0600 UTC 11 November. The MβV traveled north-northwestward over the sea and landed in Aomori Prefecture at 1200 UTC. The heavy rainfall was caused by convective systems associated with the MβV.A kinetic energy budget analysis was conducted using the results of 5km-NHM to account for the development of the MβV. Eddy kinetic energy (EKE) increased with time, while mean kinetic energy decreased. This relation implies that the MβV developed in association with kinetic energy conversion from the mean part to the eddy part. Horizontal shear below a height of 1 km played a key role in EKE production, and vertical advection by mean and perturbation flows transported EKE produced in the lower layers to the upper layers. The vertical shear and buoyancy did not significantly contribute to the EKE increase. The pressure gradient force normal to the shear line also contributed to EKE production by accelerating horizontal wind speed. A sensitivity experiment without diabatic heating indicates that convective activities affected the development and maintenance of horizontal shear, which significantly contributed to the MβV development.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Energy Budget Analysis on the Development of a Meso-β-Scale Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall, Observed over Aomori Prefecture in Northern Japan on 11 November 2007

Hirockawa

Kato

2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Observed features of the polar low over the eastern coastal oceanic area of the Asian continent Some basic features of the polar low over the eastern coastal oceanic area of the Asian continent, which are to be simulated in the model, are first summarized from studies for the various cases (e.g., Ninomiya 1989Ninomiya , 1991Ninomiya and 1994Ninomiya et al 1990Ninomiya et al , 1993Ninomiya et al and 1996Tsuboki and Wakahama 1992;Yanase et al 2001 and2002).…”

Section: Model and Simulation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Large-scale circulation systems for the polar low genesis at 12 UTC 14 January 1987 (Ninomiya 1989). A: The surface map.…”

Section: Model and Simulation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the polar low genesis takes place, in general, to the north of the major polar frontal zone, many observational studies (e.g., Rasmussen 1983;Ninomiya 1989;Tsuboki and Wakahama 1992) indicate the significant baroclinicity in the lower troposphere as one of the favorable conditions of the polar low genesis. First, we show the thermal and wind fields in the lower troposphere at 18 UTC 21, about 24-hour prior to the polar low genesis.…”

Section: Polar Low Genesis and Low-level Baroclinic Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we discuss the polar low genesis over the coastal oceanic areas east to the Asian Continent. The observational studies of the polar low in this area have been made extensively (e.g., Ninomiya 1989Ninomiya , 1991Ninomiya , and 1994Ninomiya et al 1990Ninomiya et al , 1993Ninomiya et al and 1996Tsuboki and Wakahama 1992). Fu (1999) and Yanase et al (2001 and2002) also performed mesoscale simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polar Low Genesis over the East Coast of the Asian Continent Simulated in an AGCM

Ninomiya

Nishimura

Suzuki

et al. 2003

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This report shows genesis of a polar low by an AGCM without specialized initial condition. A case of polar low genesis over the eastern coast of the Asian Continent, simulated in the seasonally varying climatological SST run by an AGCM (T42L52, primitive equation spectral model with 42 wave-number and 52 layers), is presented. A polar low simulated in January 22-23 of the fourth year (Y04) integration after the 10-year period of the spin-up is studied in comparison with polar lows described in several observational studies.In January Y04, large-scale circulation systems, such as Asian winter monsoon, extratropical cyclones and upper cold lows are reasonably simulated. A typical polar low is formed in January 22 over the coastal sea area @1500 km west of the major extratropical cyclone that developed over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, under the influence of a short wave trough, which propagates along the rim of an upper cold low. The polar low genesis takes place first in connection with a deepening of the surface trough, which extends westward from the major cyclone. The deepening of the surface trough in the zone of strong low-level thermal gradient over the coastal sea area suggests the important role of the low-level baroclinicity for the polar low genesis. The strong heating due to the energy supply from the sea surface contributes for the genesis of the polar low through the decreasing of the vertical stability, and the sustaining thermal gradient. Meanwhile, the heating around 700 hPa associated with the precipitation concentrated within the polar low indicates the influence of the condensation heating for the development of the polar low. Aforementioned various processes contribute together to generate and develop the polar low. The structure and the evolution process of the simulated polar low are consistent with those of the observed polar lows.It is concluded that the realistic polar low genesis takes place in the model, when the large-scale phenomena such as the upper cold low, the short-wave trough, parent major cyclone and polar air outbreak are reasonably simulated. The present study is significant in presenting an AGCM simulation of a polar low for the first time.

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Climatology in Cold Regions

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A Meso-Scale Low Family Formed over the Northeastern Japan Sea in the Northwestern Part of a Parent Polar Low

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Kinetic Energy Budget Analysis on the Development of a Meso-β-Scale Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall, Observed over Aomori Prefecture in Northern Japan on 11 November 2007

Kinetic Energy Budget Analysis on the Development of a Meso-β-Scale Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall, Observed over Aomori Prefecture in Northern Japan on 11 November 2007

Polar Low Genesis over the East Coast of the Asian Continent Simulated in an AGCM

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