“…These significant positive structural relations support previous findings that underscore the importance of support from organizational leaders at all levels of the academic organization, including at the local (departmental and school/college) and global levels (central administration) (Carver et al, 2011;Gutierrez et al, 2012;Candela et al, 2013;Candela et al, 2015). Of special significance to the milieu of these academic organizations (i.e., Tier 1 and Tier 2 institutions), POP and POS were both moderately strong positive predictors of PRE, a finding that is echoed by the findings of Kohn (2014) and Cariaga-Lo et al (2010). More specifically, academic organizations that furnish strong mentorship programs in which senior faculties, who are seasoned scholars and researchers appropriately model behaviors and expectations, provide junior faculties with opportunities to develop their individualized identities as scholar-researchers, and hence, hone their selfefficacy and agency with respect to research expertise.…”