A Membrane System for the Leukocyte Selective Recruitment

A P System Description of the Sodium-Potassium Pump

“…A similar approach was used, for instance, in [3,4] to model the activity of mechanosensitive channels in prokaryotic cells, and in [10] to describe the phenomenon of leukocyte selective recruitment in immune system. P systems, or membrane systems, are formal systems with roots in the theory of formal languages.…”

Regulation and Covering Problems in MP Systems

“…Although they were originally introduced as computational models, their biologically inspired structure and functioning, together with their feasibility as models of cellular and biomolecular processes, turned out to be a widely applicable modeling technique in several domains, including medicine (for immunological processes [6], and cellular tissue healing [5]), economics [16], linguistics and computer science (computer graphics, cryptography, approximate solutions to optimization problems) [4], and, of course, biology (for mechanosensitive channels [1], respiration in bacteria, photosynthesis, the protein kinase C activation [3]). …”

“…In principle, one may try to increase the granularity of a P system in order to obtain fine-grained sequences of transitions, then consider the trajectories described by these sequences, and this description would be as accurate as fine the granularity of the P system is. In practice, it is likely that the desired granularity is obtained by adding auxiliary symbols or priority constraints in the system, to form (sometimes complex) priority relationships for the rewriting rules [6]. As a matter of fact, P systems do not provide tools for controling the resolution of the observation of intermediate states, and they are better suited to model a process as a sequence of "snapshots", each one being taken when no more rewriting rules can be applied.…”

Discrete Simulations of Biochemical Dynamics

“…MP systems are a special type of P systems [12] which were proven to effectively model the dynamics of several biochemical processes: the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (Brusselator) the Lotka-Volterra dynamics, the SIR (Susceptible-InfectedRecovered epidemic) [1], the leukocyte selective recruitment in the immunological response [5,1], the Protein Kinase C activation [2], circadian rhythms, mitotic cycles [8], [6] 1 . The perspective introduced by MP systems can be synthesized by a principle which replaces the mass action principle.…”