A membrane combined process to cope with algae blooms in water

Preparation of free‐standing chitosan membranes for Chlorella vulgaris harvest and examination on suppression of algae‐fouling properties

“…The chitosan membranes were pre‐pressurized by deionized water for 30 min at an operating pressure of 0.10 MPa before data recording. The optical density of microalgae cells at 660 nm in feed and permeate solutions were measured with a UV Spectrophotometer (GENESYS 10S, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) (Huang et al , ). The microalgae cells rejection rate ( R ) of the membrane was calculated using Eq.…”

Enzymatic site-selectivity enabled by structure-guided directed evolution

“…Site-selective s-bond migration in Baeyer-Villiger reactions can also lead to cis/trans-isomers in a new type of selective olefin synthesis, an unusual phenomenon observed using CHMO as the catalyst in the reaction of ketone 49 (Scheme 17). 70 This kind of selectivity had not been addressed previously in Baeyer-Villiger reactions catalyzed by synthetic reagents or catalysts. The trans-and cis-isomers of 51 can be expected to be thermodynamically essentially identical, which underscores the challenge in inverting site-selectivity.…”

“…70 Transition state 52 rather than 50 is involved. This result was exploited synthetically by performing a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki reaction of trans-51 with exclusive formation of the respective phenyl derivative trans-53 (Scheme 17).…”

“…The difficult problem of inverting transselectivity was solved by applying CAST/ISM. 70 Three CAST randomization sites A (F432/T433), B (L143) and C (F505) were chosen for saturation mutagenesis guided by the crystal structure of a homologous CHMO which had just become available at the time. 71 These constitute rough guesses where steric clashes may occur, the limited number of chosen CAST sites minimizing the screening effort.…”

meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid (m-CPBA)

“…m-СРВА is obtained by the reaction of m-chlorobenzoyl chloride with a basic solution of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O. m-CPBA is used as oxidizing agent in Baeyer-Villiger oxidations 1 and in the synthesis of epoxides, 2 , oxaziridines, 3 α-disulfines, 4 sulfoxides and sulfones, 5 N-oxides, 6 and ketones. 7 Table 1 Use of m-CPBA (A) Troisi and co-workers developed a new synthetic pathway to sulfonamidic azobenzene derivatives 2 based on the oxidation of 2,3-dihydrobenzothiadiazines 1 with m-CPBA.…”