A Member of a New Picornaviridae Genus Is Shed in Pig Feces

Abstract

<jats:p>During a study of the fecal microbiomes from two healthy piglets using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we identified a viral genome containing an open reading frame encoding a predicted polyprotein of 2,133 amino acids. This novel viral genome displayed the typical organization of picornaviruses, containing three structural proteins (VP0, VP3, and VP1), followed by seven nonstructural proteins (2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C<jats:sup>pro</jats:sup>, and 3D<jats:sup>pol</jats:sup>). Given its particular relationship with<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="genus-species" xlink:type="simple">Parechovirus</jats:named-content>, we propose to name it “Pasivirus” for<jats:italic>Pa</jats:italic>recho<jats:italic>si</jats:italic>ster clade virus, with “Swine pasivirus 1” (SPaV1) as the type species. Fecal samples collected at an industrial farm from healthy sows and piglets from the same herd (25 and 75, respectively) with ages ranging from 4 to 28 weeks were analyzed for the presence of SPaV1 by one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR targeting a 3D region of 151 bp. SPaV1 was detected in fecal samples from 51/75 healthy piglets (68% of the animals) and in none of the 25 fecal samples from healthy sows, indicating that SPaV1 circulates through enteric infection of healthy piglets. We propose that SPaV1 represents the first member of a novel<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="genus-species" xlink:type="simple">Picornaviridae</jats:named-content>genus related to parechoviruses.</jats:p>

Comparative Complete Genome Analysis of Chicken and Turkey Megriviruses (Family Picornaviridae): Long 3′ Untranslated Regions with a Potential Second Open Reading Frame and Evidence for Possible Recombination

“…Most picornaviruses have only one mature 2A peptide/protein, although the number of picornaviruses with multiple potential 2As with mainly unknown function, e.g., duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), turkey hepatitis virus (THV), swine pasivirus, bluegill picornavirus, turkey avisivirus, and pigeon mesivirus (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), is increasing.…”

Analysis by high throughput sequencing of Specific Pathogen Free eggs

“…Indeed, the pipeline used for virus detection in allantoic fluids has a broad and sensitive range of detection [3]. It is able to identify unknown viruses [13,14], including those distant from known viruses that define new viral genus [15]. We also evaluated the level of detection of the transcriptome pipeline dedicated to embryos using a known virus present in databases: blinded transcriptome analysis of Vero cells infected at a very low multiplicity of infection (0.025 pfu/cell) with the Borna Disease virus, a non cytolytic enveloped RNA virus, allowed the detection of infection two days post infection.…”

Viral Metagenomics Revealed a Novel Cardiovirus in Feces of Wild Rats

“…Usually their hosts are rodents, although some will also infect other mammals and humans [1, 6, 7]. First, human cardiovirus, Vilyuisk virus, was isolated in 1960 and characterized as a divergent Theiler’s virus in 1992 [8].…”

“…Cardiovirus is a genus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae [1, 6]. Usually their hosts are rodents, although some will also infect other mammals and humans [1, 6, 7].…”

“…The Picornaviridae family consists of non-enveloped positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses which encode single polyprotein and can cause several diseases in human and animals [1, 2]. Several genera of picornaviruses are recognized, according to their genomic sequence and virus biology [3].…”