A Mediterranean Diet to Improve Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Intervention Study

Wade, Alexandra T.; Davis, Courtney R.; Dyer, Kathryn A.; Hodgson, Jonathan M.; Woodman, Richard; Keage, Hannah A.D.; Murphy, Karen

doi:10.3390/nu9020145

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Nevertheless, dairy products are nutrient dense, providing a wide range of crucial vitamins (A, B6, B12, D and K), minerals (calcium, iodine, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and zinc), fats, proteins and other microconstituents [ 35 , 36 ], which are otherwise difficult to obtain in diets with limited use of dairy products [ 29 ]. In particular, dairy products can provide up to 60% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium [ 37 ].…”

Section: Dietary Guidelines and Dairy Product Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to Be Concerned?

Lordan

Τσούπρας

Mitra³

2018

Foods

213

137

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of death and morbidity globally and diet plays a crucial role in the disease prevention and pathology. The negative perception of dairy fats stems from the effort to reduce dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake due to their association with increased cholesterol levels upon consumption and the increased risk of CVD development. Institutions that set dietary guidelines have approached dairy products with negative bias and used poor scientific data in the past. As a result, the consumption of dairy products was considered detrimental to our cardiovascular health. In western societies, dietary trends indicate that generally there is a reduction of full-fat dairy product consumption and increased low-fat dairy consumption. However, recent research and meta-analyses have demonstrated the benefits of full-fat dairy consumption, based on higher bioavailability of high-value nutrients and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, the relationship between dairy consumption, cardiometabolic risk factors and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Functional dairy foods and the health implications of dairy alternatives are also considered. In general, evidence suggests that milk has a neutral effect on cardiovascular outcomes but fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, kefir and cheese may have a positive or neutral effect. Particular focus is placed on the effects of the lipid content on cardiovascular health.

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Section: Dietary Guidelines and Dairy Product Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to Be Concerned?

Lordan

Τσούπρας

Mitra³

2018

Foods

213

137

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“…Studies of the pathophysiology of obesity using advanced neuroimaging techniques such as structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI) (at rest or using tasks), and positron emission tomography have found altered brain systems related to reward, motor, cognition, control, and attention [ 1 , 2 ]. Other studies have demonstrated that a Mediterranean diet has cognitive benefits [ 3 ], suggesting that it may have a potential role in preventing overweight/obesity [ 4 , 5 ], though most of these were clinical studies with no neuroimaging analysis. Neuroimaging markers are sensitive measurements of structural and functional changes in the aging brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Functional Connectivity Is Modified by a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity in Obese Women

et al. 2017

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state has shown altered brain connectivity networks in obese individuals. However, the impact of a Mediterranean diet on cerebral connectivity in obese patients when losing weight has not been previously explored. The aim of this study was to examine the connectivity between brain structures before and six months after following a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and physical activity program in a group of sixteen obese women aged 46.31 ± 4.07 years. Before and after the intervention program, the body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was 38.15 ± 4.7 vs. 34.18 ± 4.5 (p < 0.02), and body weight (kg) was 98.5 ± 13.1 vs. 88.28 ± 12.2 (p < 0.03). All subjects underwent a pre- and post-intervention fMRI under fasting conditions. Functional connectivity was assessed using seed-based correlations. After the intervention, we found decreased connectivity between the left inferior parietal cortex and the right temporal cortex (p < 0.001), left posterior cingulate (p < 0.001), and right posterior cingulate (p < 0.03); decreased connectivity between the left superior frontal gyrus and the right temporal cortex (p < 0.01); decreased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the somatosensory cortex (p < 0.025); and decreased connectivity between the left and right posterior cingulate (p < 0.04). Results were considered significant at a voxel-wise threshold of p ≤ 0.05, and a cluster-level family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons of p ≤ 0.05. In conclusion, functional connectivity between brain structures involved in the pathophysiology of obesity (the inferior parietal lobe, posterior cingulate, temporo-insular cortex, prefrontal cortex) may be modified by a weight loss program including a Mediterranean diet and physical exercise.

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“…However, no significant between group differences at any study time point were observed for lipoprotein profiles, glucose, insulin, c-reactive Protein (CRP) concentrations, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. Similarly, in a randomized 2 × 2 crossover study design, results from the MedDairy study [39,40] revealed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (mean difference: −3.51 mm·Hg; 95% CI: −6.35, −0.68 mmHg; p = 0.02), triglycerides (mean difference: −0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and significantly higher HDL concentrations (mean difference: 0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06; p < 0.01) when compared against a low-fat control diet. In contrast, Wade et al [41,42] reported no significant differences for blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin or CRP concentrations when a MedDiet intervention supplemented with 2–3 weekly serves of pork (MedPork study) was compared against a low-fat control diet.…”

Section: Efficacy On Health-related Primary Outcomes Using the Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation of a Mediterranean-Style Diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: A Nutritional, Ecological and Environmental Perspective

Mantzioris

Villani

2019

Nutrients

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A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been widely investigated and promoted as one of the ‘healthiest’ dietary patterns with respect to reductions in chronic disease risk and longevity. Moreover, it also emphasizes a plant-based dietary pattern consistent with an environmentally sustainable healthy reference diet conveyed by the EAT-Lancet Commission report. Nevertheless, the MedDiet does not exclude, but rather moderates consumption of animal-based foods, and therefore has emerged as a dietary pattern that could address both health and environmental concerns. However, whether non-Mediterranean countries such as Australia can adhere to such dietary principles is less clear. In this narrative review, we present evidence from eight randomized control trials conducted in Australia which demonstrates impressive and sustained adherence to a MedDiet intervention. However, we also report heterogeneity in the dietary protocols and prescriptive interpretation of a MedDiet across all studies presented in this review, making interpretations of the efficacy and adherence challenging. Based on the observable health benefits, translating key dietary elements of a Mediterranean-style diet within the Australian population remains attractive. However, adapting or modernizing traditional dietary patterns to satisfy the population’s nutritional requirements and/or acceptability warrants further exploration.

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A Mediterranean Diet to Improve Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Intervention Study

Cited by 24 publications

References 153 publications

Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to Be Concerned?

Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to Be Concerned?

Brain Functional Connectivity Is Modified by a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity in Obese Women

Translation of a Mediterranean-Style Diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: A Nutritional, Ecological and Environmental Perspective

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