A Mediational Model Linking Self-Objectification, Body Shame, and Disordered Eating

Noll, Stephanie M.; Fredrickson, Barbara L.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00181.x

Cited by 705 publications

(706 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…17,18 Moreover, objectification theory stresses that exposure to media with a strong focus on sexual attractiveness triggers a process of self-objectification, a perception of one' s own body that strongly emphasizes observable appearance and that is actively manifested by high levels of body surveillance. 19,20 Consistent with these theories, previous studies have indicated that adolescents' exposure to sexual content (offline and online) is related to more body surveillance and body image concerns and to less satisfaction with one' s sexual experiences. [5][6][7][8]21,22 In most studies, sex-related Internet use was operationalized as adolescents' use of sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…7,8,17,[19][20][21][22] Specifically, higher levels and/or faster increases in SEIM use predicted more body surveillance among boys and less satisfaction with sexual experiences among both boys and girls. Moreover, our study found that these effects extend to online behaviors other than SEIM use: sexual information seeking also predicted more body surveillance among boys and less satisfaction with sexual experiences among boys and girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Sex-Related Online Behaviors and Adolescents’ Body and Sexual Self-Perceptions

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Research suggests that appearance-focused messages and exaggerated depictions of sexual activity in the media negatively influence adolescents' body and sexual self-perceptions. As adolescents increasingly use the Internet to explore their sexuality, health risks related to online behaviors should be identified. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This 4-wave study examined the prevalence and development of 2 receptive and 2 interactive sex-related online behaviors and their relations with adolescents' body and sexual selfperceptions. It further investigated which parental strategies regarding Internet use may reduce risky sex-related online behaviors. METHODS: Four-wave longitudinal data among 1132 seventh-to 10th-grade Dutch adolescents (mean age at wave 1: 13.95 years; 52.7% boys) were collected. Developmental trajectories of sex-related online behaviors were estimated by using latent growth curve modeling. Self-perception outcomes at wave 4 and parental strategies predicting online behaviors were investigated by adding regression paths to growth models. RESULTS:Boys occasionally and increasingly used SEIM. Patterns for girls' SEIM use and boys' and girls' sexual information seeking and cybersex were consistently low. SNS use, however, was a common, daily activity for both. Higher initial levels and/or faster increases in sex-related online behaviors generally predicted less physical self-esteem (girls' SNS use only), more body surveillance, and less satisfaction with sexual experience. Private Internet access and less parental rule setting regarding Internet use predicted greater engagement in sex-related online behaviors. CONCLUSIONS:Although most sex-related online behaviors are not widespread among youth, adolescents who engage in such behaviors are at increased risk for developing negative body and sexual selfperceptions. Particular attention should be paid to adolescents' SNS use because this behavior is most popular and may, through its interactive characteristics, elicit more critical self-evaluations. Prevention efforts should focus on parents' role in reducing risky sex-related online behaviors.

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex-Related Online Behaviors and Adolescents’ Body and Sexual Self-Perceptions

et al. 2014

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“…Self-objectification (via body surveillance): whereas self-objectification involves a broad orientation to valuing appearance attributes over other personal characteristics (e.g., competence) [36,37], in line with prior objectification theory research [30,38,40,[47][48][49] we preferred to define it more narrowly as body surveillance [43,44]. Indeed, the literature has often equated body surveillance with self-objectification using these constructs interchangeably [32,34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sexual objectification is ubiquitous, occurring interpersonally across a variety of social interactions and mainly via media representations of female and male bodies that equate an individual's worth with the extent to which he/she fits the promoted standard of body size/shape [17,[27][28][29][30][31][32][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Although women and men may experience the cultural meaning of such objectification differently, both genders may encounter sexual objectification and the associated consequences [17,30,31,[38][39][40][41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental effects of media-ideal internalization and self-objectification processes on adolescents’ negative body-feelings, dietary restraint, and binge eating

Dakanalis

Carrà

Calogero

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

171

132

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“…previously discussed social physique anxiety) and have a detrimental impact on mental health, expressed, for example, in depression and eating disorders. Research has supported the central tenets of the objectification theory, linking body objectification in women directly to body shame, appearance anxiety, lack of psychological wellbeing and reduced self-esteem, decreased levels of intrinsic motivation and selfefficacy, and indirectly to eating pathology (Gapinski, Brownell, & LaFrance, 2003;Noll & Fredrickson, 1998;McKinley, 1999;Strelan, Mehaffey, & Tiggemann, 2003;Tiggemann & Slater, 2001). Furthermore, participation in sport or physical activity has been related to greater body shame (Parsons & Betz, 2001), which indicates either that participating in sport or physical activities may be one strategy females use to cope with their feelings of body shame, or that sport or physical activity may foster, or strengthen, pressure to live up to certain socio-cultural ideals of the body.…”

Section: Models and Measurement Of The Physical Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercising the Self: On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical-self Perceptions

Lindwall¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In modern society, individuals constantly pass judgments on their own body and physical competence as well as that of other people. All too often, the verdict is less favourable. For the person, these physical self-perceptions (PSP) may negatively affect global self-esteem, identity, and general mental well being. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine primarily the role that exercise, but also the roles that gender and culture, play in the formation of PSP. In Study I, using confirmatory factor analyses, strong support for the validity of a firstorder, and a second-order hierarchical and multidimensional model of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP: Fox & Corbin, 1989) was found across three national samples (Great Britain, Sweden and Turkey) of university students. Cross-cultural differences were detected, with the British sample demonstrating higher latent means on all PSPP subdomains except for the physical condition subdomain (Condition), than the Swedish and Turkish samples. In Study II, a higher self-reported exercise frequency was associated with more positive PSP (in particular for Condition) and more importance attributed to PSP in Swedish university students. Males demonstrated higher overall PSPP-scores than females. In Study III, a true-experimental design with randomisation into an intervention and a control group was adopted. Strong support for the effects of an empowerment-based exercise intervention programme on PSP and social physique anxiety (SPA) over six months for adolescent girls was found. The relations of exercise, gender and culture with PSP, SPA and self-esteem are discussed from the standpoints of a variety of theoretical models (e.g., the EXSEM-model), and frameworks (self-presentation and objectification theory). The two theories of self-enhancement and skilldevelopment are examined with regard to the direction of the exercise-physical self relationship and motivation for exercise. Arguments for the relevance of exercise and PSP for practitioners in promoting general mental well-being and preventing modern-day diseases are outlined. Brown, 1998; p. 193). "It is pretty well understood now that the result of physical training is to train the nervous centres more than the muscles"(James, 1899; p. 220). AcknowledgementsThe work presented in this doctoral dissertation was supported financially by the following institutions: The Department of Psychology, Stockholm University;The Swedish National Center for Research in Sports (CIF); The School of Social and Health Sciences, Halmstad University and Stockholm University College of Physical Education and Sports.Writing a doctoral dissertation can be described as being stranded (fortunately mentally more than physically) on a deserted island for four years. In the quest for survival in the academic jungle (i.e. in the context of writing a PhD dissertation, to finish in the predetermined time of four years), the famous philosophical quotation from the poet and theologian John Donne (1573-1631):"No man is an island, entire ...

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A Mediational Model Linking Self-Objectification, Body Shame, and Disordered Eating

Cited by 705 publications

References 16 publications

Sex-Related Online Behaviors and Adolescents’ Body and Sexual Self-Perceptions

Sex-Related Online Behaviors and Adolescents’ Body and Sexual Self-Perceptions

The developmental effects of media-ideal internalization and self-objectification processes on adolescents’ negative body-feelings, dietary restraint, and binge eating

Exercising the Self: On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical-self Perceptions

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