A Mechanistic Understanding of Processing Additive‐Induced Efficiency Enhancement in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Schmidt, Kristin; Tassone, Christopher J.; Niskala, Jeremy R.; Yiu, Alan T.; Lee, Olivia P.; Weiß, Thomas; Wang, Cheng; Fréchet, Jean M. J.; Beaujuge, Pierre M.; Toney, Michael F.

doi:10.1002/adma.201303622

Cited by 152 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…can be regulated through a wide variety of treatments such as prepared from different conditions for films, thermal and solvent annealing, add different types of solvent additives [13][14][15] . And it is the addition of solvent processing additive that is not only convenient but also effective, even though the understanding of the mechanism of the additive function remains unclear [16][17][18] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Effect of Additives with Different Solubility on the Morphology and the Donor Crystalline Structures of Organic Solar Cells

Zhao

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The impact of two kinds of additives, such as 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), diphenylether (DPE), and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), on the performance of poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3‴-di(2-octyldodecyl)2,2';5',2″;5″,2‴-quaterthiophen-5,5‴-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) based polymer solar cell are investigated. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) of PffBT4T-2OD:PC71BM by using CN show a more improved PCE of 10.23%. The solubility difference of PffBT4T-2OD in DIO and CN creates the fine transformation in phase separation and favorable nanoscale morphology. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) data clearly shows molecular stacking and orientation of the active layer. Interestingly, DIO and CN have different functions on the effect of the molecular orientation. These interesting studies provide important guidance to optimize and control complicated molecular orientations and nanoscale morphology of PffBT4T-2OD based thick films for the application in PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Effect of Additives with Different Solubility on the Morphology and the Donor Crystalline Structures of Organic Solar Cells

Zhao

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The origin of the decrease of domain size when using a cosolvent has often been attributed to polymer aggregation, either in the casting solution 27,28 or during solvent evaporation 18,29 . It has also been ascribed to a reduction of fullerene aggregation in the casting solution 30 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time study of the benefits of co-solvents in polymer solar cell processing

et al. 2015

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The photoactive layer of organic solar cells consists of a nanoscale blend of electron-donating and electron-accepting organic semiconductors. Controlling the degree of phase separation between these components is crucial to reach efficient solar cells. In solution-processed polymer-fullerene solar cells, small amounts of co-solvents are commonly used to avoid the formation of undesired large fullerene domains that reduce performance. There is an ongoing discussion about the origin of this effect. To clarify the role of co-solvents, we combine three optical measurements to investigate layer thickness, phase separation and polymer aggregation in real time during solvent evaporation under realistic processing conditions. Without co-solvent, large fullerene-rich domains form via liquid-liquid phase separation at B20 vol% solid content. Under such supersaturated conditions, co-solvents induce polymer aggregation below 20 vol% solids and prevent the formation of large domains. This rationalizes the formation of intimately mixed films that give high-efficient solar cells for the materials studied.

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“…Additives are frequently applied in organic solar cell fabrication to modify the phase separation and crystallinity of the polymer blends [67]. In non-fullerene allpolymer solar cell, it is also proved to be a good way to optimize the device performance.…”

Section: Non-fullerene Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-Type Electron-Accepting Materials for Organic Solar Cells (OSC)

Zhou

Lee

Fang

2014

Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells

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A Mechanistic Understanding of Processing Additive‐Induced Efficiency Enhancement in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Cited by 152 publications

References 45 publications

Revealing the Effect of Additives with Different Solubility on the Morphology and the Donor Crystalline Structures of Organic Solar Cells

Revealing the Effect of Additives with Different Solubility on the Morphology and the Donor Crystalline Structures of Organic Solar Cells

A real-time study of the benefits of co-solvents in polymer solar cell processing

n-Type Electron-Accepting Materials for Organic Solar Cells (OSC)

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