A mechanistic overview of ruminal fibre digestion.

Naas, Adrian E.; Pope, Phillip B.

doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.27831v1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…The dosedependent differences in the effects of mannanoligosaccharides depending on dietary habits and life stages have been previously reported in teleosts [29]. The different host responses based on the variations in the molecular structures of different prebiotics and polysaccharide utilising enzyme repertoire (in the microbiome) are also plausible [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Prebiotics Modify Host Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed with a Total Plant-Based Diet: Potential Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Diet Optimization

Lokesh

Ghislain

Reyrolle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe use of plant-based ingredients in aquafeeds is increasing because marine sources of protein and oil are unsustainable. However, plant-based ingredients cause certain metabolic complications in carnivorous species such as rainbow trout. Here, we examined whether prebiotics have the potential to affect the metabolism of juvenile trout (Average weight: 25.88±0.91 g) via microbially derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin or mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) were used at 1% or 2% in a 12-week feeding experiment. We measured changes in the intestinal microbiome, SCFA levels and metabolic responses in the intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. ResultsIn the intestine, gene expression and SCFA production did not change significantly with prebiotics, although the MOS fed groups were clustered differently. Prebiotics had a significant effect on the abundance of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Weissella, although posterior intestinal microbial diversity and composition did not change significantly after feeding prebiotics. Two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Mycoplasma. dominated all samples with an average relative abundance of >95% per group. Intestinal microvillar structures were significantly improved in length in the inulin-fed groups. Systemically, overall hepatic gene expression was significantly different from control with inulin-fed groups showing upregulation of several metabolic and the fatty acid receptor genes. MOS fed groups showed a dose-dependent but contrasting response in liver and muscle. In addition, a significant reduction in final weight and SGR was observed in MOS fed at 1%. The relative abundance of OTUs belonging to Lactobacillus and Bacillus correlated with hepatic gene expression and final weight of the fish. ConclusionsInulin and MOS appear to differentially affect host metabolism, mainly in the liver and muscle. Differential abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the prebiotic-fed groups and their correlations with hepatic gene expression could indicate a prebiotic-microbiome-host axis, although this was not conclusively shown through the levels of SCFAs. In combination with a total plant-based diet, inulin could be a promising prebiotic for trout but need to be further investigated. These findings could implicate in microbiome-mediated dietary optimization of rainbow trout.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Prebiotics Modify Host Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed with a Total Plant-Based Diet: Potential Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Diet Optimization

Lokesh

Ghislain

Reyrolle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Ruminants depend on a close symbiosis with their ruminal microbiota for proficient conversion of plant biomass to microbial cell protein and VFA (McCann et al ). By breaking down the plant cell walls of lignocellulosic feedstuffs, the micro‐organisms fulfil their host's nutritional demands while thriving in a suitable environment where they are provided a constant influx of energy and relative environmental stability (Naas and Pope ) (Fig. ).…”

Section: Impact Of Feeding Single‐cell Fungi On Rumen Fermentation Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Since ruminants receive most of their energy from their symbiotic microbiota, the efficiency of feed conversion and the quality of the end product of meat and milk in bovines is tightly related to the dynamics of the function of the rumen microbiome (Naas and Pope 2019). Yeasts have been shown to increase dry matter intake when supplemented in early lactation, and an increase in rate and extent of NDF degradation may stimulate intake and productivity in dairy cows (Poppy et al 2012).…”

Section: Impact On Fibre Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic role of single‐celled fungi in ruminal microbial ecology and activities

Elghandour

Khusro²,

Adegbeye

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Summary In ruminants, high fermentation capacity is necessary to develop more efficient ruminant production systems. Greater level of production depends on the ability of the microbial ecosystem to convert organic matter into precursors of milk and meat. This has led to increased interest by animal nutritionists, biochemists and microbiologists in evaluating different strategies to manipulate the rumen biota to improve animal performance, production efficiency and animal health. One of such strategies is the use of natural feed additives such as single‐celled fungi yeast. The main objectives of using yeasts as natural additives in ruminant diets include; (i) to prevent rumen microflora disorders, (ii) to improve and sustain higher production of milk and meat, (iii) to reduce rumen acidosis and bloat which adversely affect animal health and performance, (iv) to decrease the risk of ruminant‐associated human pathogens and (v) to reduce the excretion of nitrogenous‐based compounds, carbon dioxide and methane. Yeast, a natural feed additive, has the potential to enhance feed degradation by increasing the concentration of volatile fatty acids during fermentation processes. In addition, microbial growth in the rumen is enhanced in the presence of yeast leading to the delivery of a greater amount of microbial protein to the duodenum and high nitrogen retention. Single‐celled fungi yeast has demonstrated its ability to increase fibre digestibility and lower faecal output of organic matter due to improved digestion of organic matter, which subsequently improves animal productivity. Yeast also has the ability to alter the fermentation process in the rumen in a way that reduces methane formation. Furthermore, yeast inclusion in ruminant diets has been reported to decrease toxins absorption such as mycotoxins and promote epithelial cell integrity. This review article provides information on the impact of single‐celled fungi yeast as a feed supplement on ruminal microbiota and its function to improve the health and productive longevity of ruminants.

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“…Some candidate types of enzymes are suggested by the data presented here. Bi-functional enzymes offer a more comprehensive breakdown strategy encoded within a single polypeptide, where the presence of multiple CAZyme domains of complementary specificities could work to more efficiently digest complex polysaccharides [79] (i.e., the two tandem GH43 domains of N1089). In addition, carbohydrate-binding modules were found as part of a number of the selected CAZyme targets, which may help increase the concentration and/or targeting of these enzymes to their substrates [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Glycomic Analyses to Direct CAZyme Discovery for the Tailored Degradation of Canola Meal Non-Starch Dietary Polysaccharides

et al. 2020

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Canola meal (CM), the protein-rich by-product of canola oil extraction, has shown promise as an alternative feedstuff and protein supplement in poultry diets, yet its use has been limited due to the abundance of plant cell wall fibre, specifically non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and lignin. The addition of exogenous enzymes to promote the digestion of CM NSP in chickens has potential to increase the metabolizable energy of CM. We isolated chicken cecal bacteria from a continuous-flow mini-bioreactor system and selected for those with the ability to metabolize CM NSP. Of 100 isolates identified, Bacteroides spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the most common species with these capabilities. To identify enzymes specifically for the digestion of CM NSP, we used a combination of glycomics techniques, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay characterization of the plant cell wall fractions, glycosidic linkage analysis (methylation-GC-MS analysis) of CM NSP and their fractions, bacterial growth profiles using minimal media supplemented with CM NSP, and the sequencing and de novo annotation of bacterial genomes of high-efficiency CM NSP utilizing bacteria. The SACCHARIS pipeline was used to select plant cell wall active enzymes for recombinant production and characterization. This approach represents a multidisciplinary innovation platform to bioprospect endogenous CAZymes from the intestinal microbiota of herbivorous and omnivorous animals which is adaptable to a variety of applications and dietary polysaccharides.

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A mechanistic overview of ruminal fibre digestion.

Cited by 7 publications

References 135 publications

Prebiotics Modify Host Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed with a Total Plant-Based Diet: Potential Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Diet Optimization

Prebiotics Modify Host Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed with a Total Plant-Based Diet: Potential Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Diet Optimization

Dynamic role of single‐celled fungi in ruminal microbial ecology and activities

Combinatorial Glycomic Analyses to Direct CAZyme Discovery for the Tailored Degradation of Canola Meal Non-Starch Dietary Polysaccharides

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