A Mechanistic Insight into Beneficial Effects of Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Nephrolithiasis: Evidence from Recent In Vitro Studies

Abstract

Nephrolithiasis is a pathological condition characterized by the formation of solid crystals in the kidneys or other parts of urinary tract. Kidney stones are a serious public health issue and financial burden for health care system, as well as a painful and uncomfortable condition for patients, resulting in renal tissue injury in severe cases. Dietary habits, low fluid and high salt intake predominantly, contribute to the development of kidney stones. Current research suggests that polyphenols have a protective effect in the pathogenesis of kidney stones. Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring compounds found in plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, and coffee. In this review, we explore mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of polyphenols, such as oxidative stress reduction and modulation of inflammatory pathways, in various in vitro models of nephrolithiasis. Additionally, certain polyphenols, such as catechins found in green tea, have been shown to inhibit the formation and growth of kidney stones in animal studies. This review highlights the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the inhibition of crystal formation, as results of polyphenol treatment in vitro. Further research is required to determine the specific effects of polyphenols on kidney stone formation in humans; however, current knowledge implicates that incorporating a variety of polyphenol-rich foods into the diet may be a beneficial strategy for individuals at risk of developing nephrolithiasis.

Cymbopogon proximus and Petroselinum crispum seed ethanolic extract/Gum Arabic nanogel emulsion: Preventing ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride-induced urolithiasis in rats

“…The epidemiology of urolithiasis is influenced by various factors, including geography, climate, ethnicity, diet, genetics, and demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and race [ 6 ]. The increased prevalence of kidney stones in developed countries is associated with elevated consumption of salt and protein, as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.…”

Exploring the Role of Phenolic Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

“…Phenolic compounds have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic benefits in chronic kidney disease (CKD) [ 34 , 35 ]. These compounds encompass a diverse array of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and lignans, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [ 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Research suggests that phenolic compounds may exert renoprotective effects according to several mechanisms [ 34 , 43 , 44 ]. Firstly, their antioxidant properties help counteract the oxidative stress burden imposed on renal tissues in CKD, thereby preserving renal function and attenuating disease progression.…”

“…Firstly, their antioxidant properties help counteract the oxidative stress burden imposed on renal tissues in CKD, thereby preserving renal function and attenuating disease progression. Additionally, phenolic compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can mitigate the inflammatory cascade implicated in CKD pathogenesis [ 34 , 42 , 45 ].…”