“…The former method includes seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuvering theories, which have been extensively developed over the last decades (Ohkusu, 1996). Weather routing (optimal routing) is characteristic of the latter method, which is based on the fact that current ship operation significantly depends on intuition and experience (Yokoi et al, 2009(Yokoi et al, , 2010. The IMO restricts the CO 2 emission from ships based on the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) (IMO, 2009).…”