A Mechanical and Computational Investigation on the Effects of Conduit Orientation on the Strength of Massive Bone Allografts

Santoni, Brandon G.; Womak, Wes; Wheeler, Donna L.; Puttlitz, Christian M.

doi:10.1115/sbc2007-175333

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The material parameters, stress, and modulus were unaffected by increasing freeze-thaw cycles or even by freeze-drying. These results are in line with those of other authors regarding soft tissue [6,8,9] and hard tissue [10,13,14] as a result of freezing and thawing cycles. Two previous studies [12,17] found that processing and storage caused freeze-dried allograft bone to be weaker, but we did not compare our samples with the same control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Two studies showed torsion and bending properties of freeze-dried allograft bone were weaker after processing and storage [12,17]. In contrast, other studies found as many as five freeze-thaw cycles do not affect the biomechanical properties of cancellous bone [10,14] and long-term freezing reduces immunogenicity of grafts but does not decrease the biomechanical properties [13]. Thus, additional research on how freezing cycles affect bone biomechanics and morphology is clearly warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone

Shaw¹,

Hunter²,

Gayton

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Allograft tissues can undergo several freezethaw cycles between donor tissue recovery and final use by surgeons. However, there are currently no standards indicating the number of reasonable freeze-thaw cycles for allograft bone and it is unclear how much a graft may be degraded with multiple cycles.Questions/purposes We therefore asked whether (1) the mechanical properties of fibular allograft bone would remain unchanged with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and (2) histologic alterations from increased numbers of freeze-thaw cycles would correspond to any mechanical changes. Methods Fibular allograft segments were subjected to two, four, and eight freeze-thaw cycles and compared biomechanically and histologically with a control group (one freeze-thaw cycle). Two freeze-dried treatments, one after being subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and the other after being subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, also were compared with the control group. Results For all segments, the average ultimate stress was 174 MPa, average modulus was 289 MPa, average energy was 2.00 J, and the average stiffness was 1320 N/mm. The material properties of the freeze-thaw treatment groups were similar to those of the control group: ultimate stress and modulus were a maximum of 16% and 70% different, respectively. Both freeze-dried treatments showed increased stiffness (maximum 53% ± 71%) and energy to failure (maximum 117% ± 137%) but did not exhibit morphologic differences. There were no alterations in the histologic appearance of the bone sections in any group. Conclusions Fibular allograft segments can be refrozen safely up to eight times without affecting the biomechanical or morphologic properties. Freeze-dried treatments require further study to determine whether the detected differences are caused by the processing. Clinical Relevance Cryopreserved cortical allografts are thawed by surgeons in preparation for procedures and then occasionally discarded when not used. Refreezing allograft tissues can result in a cost savings because of a reduction in wasted graft material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone

Shaw¹,

Hunter²,

Gayton

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…Contact was modeled as rough (i.e., relative slip between contact surfaces was restricted) in accordance with the experimental use of rough platens. No other boundary conditions or kinematic constraints were applied to the bone sections, which were constrained only by contact with the platens, in accordance with experimental protocol (Santoni et al, 2007). The maximum in-plane principal stress and platen displacement were predicted and reported.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diametral compression test method has been used extensively to quantify the tensile strength of brittle solids such as ceramics (DeWith, 1984;Sinha and Dhoopar, 1986;Rudnick and Hunter, 1963), and recently developed ASME standard WK88 addresses strength testing of circular rings for brittle materials (ASTM Standard, 2003). Two-point diametral compressive forces applied to closed cylindrical sections result in the generation of maximum in-plane principal stresses at the inner surface along the load plane (Santoni et al, 2007). Testing of biologically derived samples, however, entails a number of added complications, such as the non-circularity of bone sections, ambiguity of load orientation during testing, thickness variation in a section, and size and shape variation between sections in a single sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole-bone fourpoint bending has been widely used for mechanical testing of long-bone specimens, but recently diametral compression of solid core bone allograft sections (Mroz et al, 2006) and hollow transverse allograft ring sections (Santoni et al, 2007) has been used to quantify local mechanical parameters and effects of various treatments on the strength of structural allografts. Diametral compression testing of ring sections presents the advantage that many samples may be obtained from a single long bone, whereas only one data point per specimen may be obtained in a whole-bone test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diametral compression of non-circular diaphyseal bone sections

Womack

Santoni

Puttlitz

2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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Bringing computational models of bone regeneration to the clinic

Carlier

Geris

Lammens

et al. 2015

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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Although the field of bone regeneration has experienced great advancements in the last decades, integrating all the relevant, patient‐specific information into a personalized diagnosis and optimal treatment remains a challenging task due to the large number of variables that affect bone regeneration. Computational models have the potential to cope with this complexity and to improve the fundamental understanding of the bone regeneration processes as well as to predict and optimize the patient‐specific treatment strategies. However, the current use of computational models in daily orthopedic practice is very limited or inexistent. We have identified three key hurdles that limit the translation of computational models of bone regeneration from bench to bed side. First, there exists a clear mismatch between the scope of the existing and the clinically required models. Second, most computational models are confronted with limited quantitative information of insufficient quality thereby hampering the determination of patient‐specific parameter values. Third, current computational models are only corroborated with animal models, whereas a thorough (retrospective and prospective) assessment of the computational model will be crucial to convince the health care providers of the capabilities thereof. These challenges must be addressed so that computational models of bone regeneration can reach their true potential, resulting in the advancement of individualized care and reduction of the associated health care costs. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:183–194. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1299 This article is categorized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models

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A Mechanical and Computational Investigation on the Effects of Conduit Orientation on the Strength of Massive Bone Allografts

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone

Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone

Diametral compression of non-circular diaphyseal bone sections

Bringing computational models of bone regeneration to the clinic

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