A measurement of the proton structure function F2(x, Q2) at low x and low Q2 at HERA

Adloff, C.; Aïd, S.; Anderson, M.; Andreev, V.; Andrieu, Bernard; Arkadov, V.; Arndt, C.; Ayyaz, I.; Babaev, A.; Bähr, J.; Bán, J.; Ban, Y.; Baranov, P.; Barrelet, E.; Barschke, R.; Bartel, W.; Bassler, U.; Beck, H. P.; Beck, M.; Behrend, H. J.; Belousov, A.; Berger, Ch.; Bernardi, G.; Bertrand-Coremans, G.; Beyer, R.; Biddulph, P.; Bispham, P.; Bizot, J.C.; Borras, K.; Botterweck, F.; Boudry, V.; Bourov, S.; Braemer, A.; Braunschweig, W.; Brisson, V.; Brückner, W.; Bruel, P.; Bruncko, D.; Brune, C. R.; Buchholz, R.; Büngener, L.; Bürger, J.; Büsser, F.W.; Buniatian, A.; Bürke, S.; Burton, M. J.; Buschhorn, G.; Calvet, D.; Campbell, A.; Carli, T.; Charlet, M.; Clarke, D.; Clerbaux, B.; Cocks, S.; Contreras, J. G.; Cormack, C. M.; Coughlan, J. A.; Courau, A.; Cousinou, M. C.; Cox, B. E.; Cozzika, G.; Cussans, D.; Cvach, J.; Dagoret, S.; Dainton, J. B.; Dau, W.D.; Daum, K.; David, M.; Davis, C. L.; Roeck, A. De; Wolf, E. A. De; Delcourt, B.; Dirkmann, M.; Dixon, P.; Długosz, W.; Dollfus, C.; Donovan, K.T.; Dowell, J. D.; Dreis, H. B.; Droutskoi, A.; Ebert, J.; Ebert, T. R.; Eckerlin, G.; Efremenko, V.; Egli, S.; Eichler, R.; Eisele, F.; Eisenhandler, E.; Elsen, E.; Erdmann, M.; Fahr, A.B.; Favart, L.; Fedotov, A.; Felst, R.; Feltesse, J.; Ferencei, J.; Ferrarotto, F.; Flamm, K.; Fleischer, M.; Flieser, M.; Flügge, G.; Fomenko, A.; Formánek, J.; Foster, J. M.; Franke, G.; Gabathuler, E.; Gabathuler, K.; Gaede, F.; Garvey, J.; Gayler, J.; Gebauer, M.; Genzel, H.; Gerhards, R.; Glazov, A.; Goerlich, L.; Gogitidze, N.; Goldberg, M.; Goldner, D.; Golec-Biernat, K.; González-Pineiro, B.; Gorelov, I.; Grab, C.; Grässler, H.; Greenshaw, T.; Griffiths, R.K.; Grindhammer, G.; Gruber, A.; Grüber, C.; Hadig, T.; Haidt, D.; Hajduk, L.; Haller, T.; Hampel, Matías Rolf; Haynes, W.J.; Heinemann, B.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henderson, R. C. W.; Henschel, H.; Herynek, I.; Heß, M.; Hewitt, K.; Hiller, K. H.; Hilton, C.D.; Hladký, J.; Höppner, M.; Hoffmann, D.; Holtom, T.; Horisberger, R.; Hudgson, V. L.; Hütte, M.; Ibbotson, M.; İşsever, Ç.; Itterbeck, H.; Jachołkowska, A.; Jacobsson, C.; Jacquet, M.; Jaffré, M.; Janoth, J.; Jansen, D. M.; Jönsson, L.; Johnson, D.P.; Jung, H.; Kalmus, P. I. P.; Kander, M.; Kant, D.; Kathage, U.; Katzy, J.; Kaufmann, H. H.; Kaufmann, O.; Kausch, M.; Kazarian, Shahé S.; Kenyon, I. R.; Kermiche, S.; Keuker, C.; Kiesling, C.; Klein, M.; Kleinwort, C.; Knies, G.; Köhler, Thomas; Köhne, J. H.; Kolanoski, H.; Kolya, S. D.; Korbel, V.; Kostka, P.; Kotelnikov, S.K.; Krämerkämper, T.; Krasny, M. W.; Krehbiel, H.; Krücker, D.; Küpper, A.; Küster, H.; Kuhlen, M.; Kurča, T.; Kurzhöfer, J.; Laforge, B.; Landon, M. P. J.; Lange, W.; Langenegger, U.; Lebedev, A.; Lehner, F.; Lemaı̂tre, V.; Levonian, S.; Lindstroem, M.; Linsel, F.; Lipiński, J.; List, B.; Lobo, G.; Lomas, J. W.; Lopez, G. C.; Lubimov, V.; Lüke, D.; Lytkin, L.; Magnussen, N.; Mahlke-Krüger, H.; Malinovski, E.; Maraček, R.; Marage, P.; Marks, J.; Marshall, R.; Martens, J.; Martin, G.; Martin, R.; Martyn, H. U.; Martyniak, J.; Mavroidis, T.; Maxfield, S. J.; McMahon, S. J.; Mehta, A.; Meier, K.; Merkel, P.; Metlica, F.; Meyer, A.; Meyer, H.; Meyer, J.; Meyer, P.-O.; Migliori, A.; Mikocki, S.; Milstead, D.; Moeck, J.; Moreau, F.; Morris, J. V.; Mroczko, E.; Müller, D.; Walter, T.; Müller, K.; Мурін, П.; Nagovizin, V.; Nahnhauer, R.; Naroska, B.; Naumann, T.; Négri, I.; Newman, P. R.; Newton, D.; Nguyen, H. K.; Nicholls, T. C.; Niebergall, F.; Niebuhr, C.; Niedzballa, Ch.; Niggli, H.; Nowak, G.; Nunnemann, T.; Nyberg-Werther, M.; Oberlack, H.; Olsson, J. E.; Ozerov, D.; Palmen, P.; Panaro, E.; Panitch, A.; Pascaud, C.; Passaggio, S.; Patel, G. D.; Pawletta, H.; Peppel, E.; Pérez, E.; Phillips, J. P.; Pieuchot, A.; Pitzl, D.; Pöschl, R.; Pope, G.; Povh, Bogdan; Prell, S.; Rabbertz, K.; Rädel, G.; Reimer, P.; Rick, H.; Rieß, S.; Rizvi, E.; Robmann, P.; Roosen, R.; Rosenbauer, K.; Rostovtsev, A.; Rouse, F.; Royon, C.; Rüter, K.; Rusakov, S. V.; Rybicki, K.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Schacht, P.; Schiek, S.; Schleif, S.; Schleper, P.; Schlippe, W. von; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, G.; Schoeffel, L.; Schöning, A.; Schröder, V.; Schuhmann, E.; Schwab, B.; Sefkow, F.; Semenov, A.; Shekelyan, V.; Sheviakov, I.; Shtarkov, L. N.; Siegmon, G.; Siewert, U.; Sirois, Y.; Skillicorn, I. O.; Sloan, T.; Smirnov, P.; Smith, M. N. K.; Solochenko, V.; Soloviev, Y.; Specka, A.; Spiekermann, J.; Spielman, S.; Spitzer, H.; Squinabol, F.; Steffen, P.; Steinberg, R.; Steinhart, J.; Stella, B.; Stellberger, A.; Stier, J.; Stiewe, J.; Stöβlein, U.; Stolze, K.; Straumann, U.; Struczinski, W.; Sutton, J. P.; Tapprogge, S.; Taševský, M.; Tchernyshov, V.; Tchetchelnitski, S.; Theissen, J.; Thompson, G.; Thompson, P. D.; Tobien, N.; Todenhagen, R.; Truöl, P.; Tsipolitis, G.; Turnau, J.; Tzamariudaki, E.; Uelkes, P.; Usik, A.; Valkár, Š.; Valkárová, A.; Vallée, C.; Esch, Patrick van; Mechelen, P. Van; Vandenplas, D.; Vazdik, Y.; Verrecchia, P.; Villet, G.; Wacker, K.; Wagener, Aurélie; Wagener, M.; Wallny, R.; Waugh, Benedict Martin; Weber, G.; Weber, M.; Wegener, D.; Wegner, A.; Wengler, T.; Werner, M.; West, L.R.; Wiesand, S.; Wilksen, T.; Willard, S.; Winde, M.; Winter, G. G.; Wittek, C.; Wobisch, M.; Wollatz, H.; Wünsch, E.; Žáček, J.; Zarbock, D.; Zhang, Z.; Zhokin, A.; Zini, P.; Zomer, F.; Zsembery, J.; zurNedden, M.

doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00301-5

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A reasonable agreement between HERA data [1]- [6] and the next-to-leading-order (NLO) approximation of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) has been observed for Q 2 ≥ 2 GeV 2 (see reviews in [7] and references therein), which gives us a reason to believe that perturbative QCD is capable of describing the evolution of the structure function (SF) F 2 and its derivatives down to very low Q 2 values, where all the strong interactions are conventionally considered to be soft processes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The original study of [11] was extended in [12,13,14] to include the finite parts of anomalous dimensions of Wilson operators 1 . This has led to predictions [13,14] of the small-x asymptotic form of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the framework of the DGLAP dynamics starting at some Q 2 0 with the flat function…”

Section: Generalized Doubled Asymptotic Scaling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, similary to [11]- [14], we neglect the contribution from the non-singlet quark component. 1 In the standard DAS approximation [17] only the singular parts of the anomalous dimensions were used.…”

Section: Generalized Doubled Asymptotic Scaling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Q2-evolution of parton densities at small x values and H1 and ZEUS experimental data

Kotikov¹,

Shaikhatdenov²

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. It is shown that in the leading twist approximation of the Wilson operator product expansion with "frozen" and analytic strong coupling constants, considering the Bessel-inspired behavior of the structure functions F 2 and the derivative ∂ ln F 2 /∂ ln(1/x) at small x values, obtained for a flat initial condition in the DGLAP evolution equations, leads to a good agreement with the deep inelastic scattering H1 and ZEUS experimental data from HERA.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Generalized Doubled Asymptotic Scaling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Q2-evolution of parton densities at small x values and H1 and ZEUS experimental data

Kotikov¹,

Shaikhatdenov²

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They correspond to (Q 2 ≥ 250 GeV 2 , for all x), (Q 2 = 200 GeV 2 , for x < 0.1) and (Q 2 = 150 GeV 2 , for x < 0.01). We also cancelled the ancient values (with moderate Q 2 ≤ 150 GeV 2 : 88 from [27] and 23 from [28]) which have been duplicated in the more recent high precision measurements [24]. We have excluded the whole domain Q 2 ≥ 5000 GeV 2 from the fit (19 data points from [29] and 2 from [30]), because the difference (experimentally observed) between e − p and e + p results cannot be (and should not be) explained by Pomeron + f exchange.…”

Section: Fitting Procedures : Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regge models of the proton structure function with and without hard pomeron: A comparative analysis

Desgrolard¹,

Martynov²

2001

Eur. Phys. J. C

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A comparative phenomenological analysis of Regge models with and without a hard Pomeron component is performed using a common set of recently updated data. It is shown that the data at small x do not indicate explicitly the presence of the hard Pomeron. Moreover, the models with two soft-Pomeron components (simple and double poles in the angular momentum plane) with trajectories having intercept equal one lead to the best description of the data not only at W > 3 GeV and at small x but also at all x ≤ 0.75 and Q 2 ≤ 30000 GeV 2 .

show abstract

“…The cross section for hadron production by photons is much less certain, since it involves the hadronic structure of the photon. This has been measured at HERA for photon energies corresponding to E lab = 2 × 10 4 GeV [185,186]. This energy is still well below the energies of the highest energy cosmic rays, but nonetheless, these data do constrain the extrapolation of the cross sections to high energies.…”

Section: B the Muon Componentmentioning

confidence: 79%

High energy physics in the atmosphere: phenomenology of cosmic ray air showers

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The properties of cosmic rays with energies above 10 6 GeV have to be deduced from the spacetime structure and particle content of the air showers which they initiate. In this review we summarize the phenomenology of these giant air showers. We describe the hadronic interaction models used to extrapolate results from collider data to ultra high energies, and discuss the prospects for insights into forward physics at the LHC. We also describe the main electromagnetic processes that govern the longitudinal shower evolution, as well as the lateral spread of particles. Armed with these two principal shower ingredients and motivation from the underlying physics, we provide an overview of some of the different methods proposed to distinguish primary species. The properties of neutrino interactions and the potential of forthcoming experiments to isolate deeply penetrating showers from baryonic cascades are also discussed. We finally venture into a terra incognita endowed with TeV-scale gravity and explore anomalous neutrino-induced showers.

show abstract

A measurement of the proton structure function F2(x, Q2) at low x and low Q2 at HERA

Cited by 107 publications

References 67 publications

Q2-evolution of parton densities at small x values and H1 and ZEUS experimental data

Q2-evolution of parton densities at small x values and H1 and ZEUS experimental data

Regge models of the proton structure function with and without hard pomeron: A comparative analysis

High energy physics in the atmosphere: phenomenology of cosmic ray air showers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About