A measurement of the flux of cosmic ray iron at 5×1013 eV

Clem, J.; Droege, W.; Evenson, P. A.; Fischer, Hubertus; Green, G.; Huber, David Miles; Kunow, H.; Seckel, D.

doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(01)00123-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The central idea of this method is to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by primary cosmic-ray particles (so-called Direct Cherenkov light) from the ground. While DC-light has been measured in the past by balloon experiments [10,11], the measurement from the ground takes advantage of the huge detection area ( 10 5 m 2 ) of IACTs, in principle enabling the extension of spectral and composition measurements up to 1 PeV. Here we review this technique and describe its application to data from H.E.S.S.…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First ground-based measurement of atmospheric Cherenkov light from cosmic rays

Aharonian¹,

Akhperjanian²,

Bazer‐Bachi³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. D

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Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First ground-based measurement of atmospheric Cherenkov light from cosmic rays

Aharonian¹,

Akhperjanian²,

Bazer‐Bachi³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. D

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“…Recent investigations for long duration balloon flights equipped with transition radiation detectors of large sensitive area are expected to extend the direct measurements up to energies of 5 × 10 14 eV. Such balloon projects like TRACER or CREAM are presently under development [223,224]. Also satellite-borne experiments or installations on the international space station are proposed which will try to investigate direct measures of the high-energy cosmic ray particles (see, e.g.…”

Section: Around the Kneementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy spectrum and mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays

Haungs¹,

Rebel²,

Roth

2003

Rep. Prog. Phys.

119

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Primary cosmic rays above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by observations of extensive air showers (EAS) using large area ground based detector installations for registering various components of the EAS cascade development. By such indirect studies of the primary cosmic rays a steepening of the power-law spectrum at around 3-5 PeV, known as the knee, has been identified. At higher energies around 5 EeV there appears a further change of the spectral index towards a flattening of the spectrum, called the ankle. The energy region above ca 50 EeV, where a cut-off of the cosmic ray spectrum (Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min (GZK) cut-off) is theoretically predicted, is of particular current interest and provides an astrophysical enigma, since obviously trans-GZK events have been observed. Any explanation of these features of the cosmic ray spectrum needs sufficiently detailed knowledge of the shape of the spectrum and of the variation of the mass composition of cosmic rays. In this paper different experimental approaches deducing mass and energy sensitive information from the EAS experiments and their results are discussed. The experiments involve measurements of secondary particle distributions at various observation levels and of muons by deep underground detectors, as well as measurements of air Cherenkov light and, in particular at higher energies, of air fluorescence light emitted during the EAS development. Recently, methods for analysing multi-dimensional EAS parameter distributions have been favoured. They take into account correlations of different EAS parameters and, in particular by non-parametric techniques, also the influence of the intrinsic fluctuation of the air shower development. This paper illustrates the application of such methods in a coherent view of recent results. The advanced analysing methods are corroborated by hybrid experimental set-ups registering a larger set of different EAS observables simultaneously in an event-by-event mode. In addition such approaches provide the possibility to test the consistency of the hadronic interaction models and Monte Carlo procedures used as reference for the analyses. The physical and astrophysical implications of the current findings in various energy regions are briefly discussed and prospects of future experiments are presented.

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“…1). Direct measurements of fluxes and extraction from air showers experiments of proton and helium fluxes give a constant slope at least till Z ×10 15 eV [1,12,37]. However, measurements from ln A have given contradictory conclusions (see e.g.…”

Section: Data: Behaviour At the Kneementioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy nuclei enrichment of the galactic cosmic rays at high energy: astrophysical interpretation

Maurin¹,

Cassé²,

Vangioni‐Flam³

2003

Astroparticle Physics

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A substantial increase of the mean logarithmic mass ln A of galactic cosmic rays vs energy has been observed . We study three effects that could explain this trend i) different source spectra for protons and heavy nuclei ii) a selective nuclear destruction in flight of heavies iii) a gradient of the source number and chemical composition in the galactic disk. We take advantage of the diffusive cosmic ray propagation model developed at LAPTH to study specifically the geometrical aspects of the propagation and extend it to high energy. Using a simple modeling of the spectral knee around 10 15 eV, a bump in ln A appears. This feature is smoother when the spectral index of protons is steeper than Fe's. We analyze the effects of the rigidity dependence of the diffusion coefficient and the scale height of the confinement halo and we show that ln A is most sensitive to the first parameter. Pure geometrical effects are less determining than the diffusion coefficient spectral index. Subsequently, we conclude that the physics of cosmic ray confinement is the essential cause of the heavy nuclei enrichment until ∼ 10 15 eV.

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A measurement of the flux of cosmic ray iron at 5×1013 eV

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

First ground-based measurement of atmospheric Cherenkov light from cosmic rays

First ground-based measurement of atmospheric Cherenkov light from cosmic rays

Energy spectrum and mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays

Heavy nuclei enrichment of the galactic cosmic rays at high energy: astrophysical interpretation

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