A Matter of Priority: Transplanting Organs Preferentially to Registered Donors

Kolber, Adam J.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.453760

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…For example, most respondents to an Austrian survey not only did not favor incentives for organ donation but also said they would be less willing to be organ donors were a financial incentive proffered (Mayrhofer-Reinhartshuber et al 2006). Instead of offering monetary or material incentives to encourage people to register as organ donors, a policy approach advocated by several organ procurement organizations is to allocate a so-called preferred status to those who had earlier expressed willingness to donate their organs if those individuals find themselves in need of organs for transplantation (Bruzzone 2009;Kolber 2003;Spital 2005;Trotter 2008). Bramstedt (2006) reports on an extreme form of prioritization proposed by a British researcher who argued that in a setting of scarce organs only people who have stated their willingness to be organ donors should be able to receive organs.…”

Section: Policies That Use Prioritization Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laypeople's Ethical Concerns About a New Israeli Organ Transplantation Prioritization Policy Aimed to Encourage Organ Donor Registration among the Public

Guttman¹,

Ashkenazi²,

Gesser‐Edelsburg³

et al. 2011

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law

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A new policy recently enacted in Israel promises preferred status in receiving organs for transplantation to individuals who register to be organ donors and to their close family members. Proponents believe it will increase the supply of organs for transplantation from the deceased. Ethical issues were raised in government committees appointed to discuss the policy before its approval, but discussions among laypeople were not solicited. This study aimed to elicit laypeople's views about the policy by conducting thirteen group interviews and thirty-six individual interviews. Participants included religious and nonreligious people, immigrants, and Arabs. Some participants thought the law would contribute to fairness by prioritizing those willing to give, but others articulated ethical concerns that were not emphasized by scholars, in particular that the policy would add to the erosion of social solidarity, increase divisiveness, and enable people to abuse the system. Mistrust in the health care system emerged as a prominent reason for not registering as an organ donor. Implications about the importance of transparency in the organ transplantation system as a basis for an information campaign, social norms regarding organ donation, and the public's involvement in policy issues on organ donation are discussed.

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Section: Policies That Use Prioritization Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laypeople's Ethical Concerns About a New Israeli Organ Transplantation Prioritization Policy Aimed to Encourage Organ Donor Registration among the Public

Guttman¹,

Ashkenazi²,

Gesser‐Edelsburg³

et al. 2011

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law

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“…The debate on how to increase the number of posthumous organ donors seems to be influenced by a distinction between need-based helping (often associated with altruism) and reciprocity or cooperation (e.g., Kolber, 2003;Nadel & Nadel, 2005;Robertson, 2007;Siegal & Bonnie, 2006). A dominant view holds that the act of registering as donor should be seen as spontaneous and voluntary behavior primarily aimed at relieving the needs of suffering patients and involving some costs to the donor-for example, costs associated with the threatening aspects of thinking about death.…”

Section: Need and Reciprocity In Posthumous Organ Donationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocity and Need in Posthumous Organ Donation

Stijnen

Dijker

2010

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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The effects of need and reciprocity on prosocial behavior have been primarily studied in separate research domains. A distinction between helping those in need and reciprocity is also made in current discussions on how to motivate posthumous organ donation, contrasting the help of needing patients with an equal contribution to a common pool of organs and effective measures against free riding. The authors examined the interactive effects of need and reciprocity on moral emotions relevant for helping (e.g., sympathy, guilt, moral anger) in an experiment in which participants imagined donating or not donating their organs to patients who were or were not willing to donate themselves and who differed in the need for an organ. They found that lack of reciprocity reduced the intensity of certain moral emotions (e.g., sympathy, guilt) but only under low need. High need appeared to arouse forgiveness for free riding. Implications for attempts to increase the number of registered organ donors are discussed.

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“…He maintains that in order “to make a priority incentive system workable, ante mortem decisions to donate must be respected. We cannot grant priority to a registered donor if the effect of that registration can later be trumped by dissenting relatives” [ 33 ]. Offering preferential access to a scarce, lifesaving medical resource based on an unenforceable expression of preference is problematic.…”

Section: Review Of Challenges To Israel’s Priority Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Israel’s 2008 Organ Transplant Law: continued ethical challenges to the priority points model

Berzon

2018

Isr J Health Policy Res

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In 2008, responding to a widening gap between need and availability of transplant organs, Israel’s Ministry of Health adopted a program of incentivized cadaveric organ donation. The Organ Transplant Law rewards individuals with prioritized access to organs on the condition that they participate in procurement efforts. Priority is awarded in the form of additional points allocated to the individual’s organ recipient profile. Although Israel has experienced moderate gains in the years since the law’s implementation, these have not been sufficient to satisfy the demand. Furthermore, the law faces logistical and ethical challenges. These challenges could potentially be resolved by shifting the organ procurement default to routine retrieval rather than the current default of presumed refusal to organ retrieval.This paper examines philosophical and practical challenges to the priority points policy and weighs whether Israel should consider an alternative policy of routine retrieval of transplant organs with the option to opt out of the donor pool.

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A Matter of Priority: Transplanting Organs Preferentially to Registered Donors

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Laypeople's Ethical Concerns About a New Israeli Organ Transplantation Prioritization Policy Aimed to Encourage Organ Donor Registration among the Public

Laypeople's Ethical Concerns About a New Israeli Organ Transplantation Prioritization Policy Aimed to Encourage Organ Donor Registration among the Public

Reciprocity and Need in Posthumous Organ Donation

Israel’s 2008 Organ Transplant Law: continued ethical challenges to the priority points model

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