A matter of design: Priming context and person perception

Macrae, C. Neil; Cloutier, Jasmin

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.021

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, primes facilitate the processing of stereotype-consistent compared with stereotype-inconsistent stimuli ( Banaji & Hardin, 1996 ; Blair & Banaji, 1996 ; Devine, 1989 ; Dovidio et al, 1986 ; Kawakami & Dovidio, 2001 ; Macrae & Cloutier, 2009 ; Macrae & Martin, 2007 ; Perdue & Gurtman, 1990 ). Critically, however, many of the studies that purport to demonstrate the automaticity of stereotype activation have used response-priming tasks in which the origins of priming potentially reside in response-related processes (e.g., Blair & Banaji, 1996 ; Kawakami et al, 2000 ; Macrae et al, 2002 ; Macrae & Cloutier, 2009 ; Macrae & Martin, 2007 ). Substantiating this concern, in a response-priming task, here we demonstrated that stereotype-based priming was underpinned by a response bias and not the enhanced processing of stereotype-related material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate stereotype activation, sequential-priming procedures—whereby responses are facilitated when priming stimuli are followed by stereotype-consistent compared with stereotype-inconsistent targets—have been the predominant experimental tool (e.g., Banaji & Hardin, 1996 ; Blair & Banaji, 1996 ; Devine, 1989 ; Dovidio et al, 1986 ; Kawakami & Dovidio, 2001 ; Macrae & Cloutier, 2009 ; Macrae & Martin, 2007 ; Perdue & Gurtman, 1990 ). These priming tasks come in two varieties: response- and semantic-priming paradigms (see Wentura & Degner, 2010 ; Wentura & Rothermund, 2014 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Instead, a better approach is to utilise facial primes as triggering categorical stimuli. For instance, following the presentation of male or female faces, participants must report if gender-related targets (e.g., cigar, flowers ) are stereotypically masculine or feminine given prevailing societal beliefs about the sexes ( Castelli et al, 2004 ; Kawakami & Dovidio, 2001 ; Macrae & Cloutier, 2009 ; Macrae & Martin, 2007 ; Müller & Rothermund, 2014 ). In contrast, in semantic-priming procedures, responses are irrelevant to the stereotypic dimension under investigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stereotype-based priming without stereotype activation: A tale of two priming tasks

Tsamadi

Falbén

Persson

et al. 2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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An extensive literature has demonstrated stereotype-based priming effects. What this work has only recently considered, however, is the extent to which priming is moderated by the adoption of different sequential-priming tasks and the attendant implications for theoretical treatments of person perception. In addition, the processes through which priming arises (i.e., stimulus and/or response biases) remain largely unspecified. Accordingly, here we explored the emergence and origin of stereotype-based priming using both semantic- and response-priming tasks. Corroborating previous research, a stereotype-based priming effect only emerged when a response-priming (vs. semantic-priming) task was used. A further hierarchical drift diffusion model analysis revealed that this effect was underpinned by differences in the evidential requirements of response generation (i.e., a response bias), such that less evidence was needed when generating stereotype-consistent compared with stereotype-inconsistent responses. Crucially, information uptake (i.e., stimulus bias, efficiency of target processing) was faster for stereotype-inconsistent than stereotype-consistent targets. This reveals that stereotype-based priming originated in a response bias rather than the automatic activation of stereotypes. The theoretical implications of these findings are considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Stereotype-based priming without stereotype activation: A tale of two priming tasks

Tsamadi

Falbén

Persson

et al. 2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…In conclusion, although categorization seems to play a dominant role in person perception processing, a wide range of variables has been shown to function as modulators of categorical thinking activation, including instructions, motivation, goals, and strategies (e.g., Lepore and Brown, 1997 ; Castelli et al, 2004 ; Macrae and Cloutier, 2009 ); the paper by Canadas et al (2013) showed to be a suitable method to investigate these processes. In the current study we aimed at extending this procedure to investigate individuation-categorization processes in a more direct and clear social behavior, the decisions about to trust or not a partner in an economic game.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of social categorization on trust decisions in a trust game paradigm

2015

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This study investigates whether participants use categorical or individual knowledge about others in order to make cooperative decisions in an adaptation of the trust game paradigm. Concretely, participants had to choose whether to cooperate or not with black and white unknown partners as a function of expected partners’ reciprocity rates. Reciprocity rates were manipulated by associating three out of four members of an ethnic group (blacks or whites consistent members) with high (or low) reciprocity rates, while the remaining member of the ethnic group is associated with the reciprocity of the other ethnic group (inconsistent member). Results show opposite performance’s patterns for white and black partners. Participants seemed to categorize white partners, by making the same cooperation decision with all the partners, that is, they cooperated equally with consistent and inconsistent white partners. However, this effect was not found for black partners, suggesting a tendency to individuate them. Results are discussed in light of the implications of these categorization-individuation processes for intergroup relations and cooperative economic behavior.

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“…Similarly, the context can determine whether or not faces are categorized in the first instance. Using a semantic priming paradigm and presenting face primes that were either intermixed or blocked by sex, Macrae and Cloutier (2009) found that category priming effects (i.e., faster categorization of sex‐typical names following same‐sex than opposite‐sex face primes) emerged only when the context highlighted sex as a categorical dimension—that is, when female and male face primes were intermixed.…”

Section: The Social‐cognitive Dynamics Of Face Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The face and person perception: Insights from social cognition

Quinn

Macrae

2011

British J of Psychology

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Social-cognitive investigations of face perception have tended to be motivated by different goals than cognitive and neuropsychological studies-namely, to understand the dynamics of social categorization rather than identity recognition-and the result has been a lack of cross-pollination of insights and ideas between the disciplines. We review the evidence from social cognition, with an eye to discussing how this work aligns with the Bruce and Young (1986) model of face recognition. Acknowledging the invaluable impact the model has exerted on our understanding of face recognition, we suggest that considering the bottom-up constraints of visual processing and the top-down influences of semantic knowledge will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of face perception.

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A matter of design: Priming context and person perception

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Stereotype-based priming without stereotype activation: A tale of two priming tasks

Stereotype-based priming without stereotype activation: A tale of two priming tasks

The effect of social categorization on trust decisions in a trust game paradigm

The face and person perception: Insights from social cognition

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