A Mathematical Model of the Solid‐Polymer‐Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Bernardi, Dawn M.; Verbrugge, Mark W.

doi:10.1149/1.2221251

Cited by 1,237 publications

(687 citation statements)

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“…These include empirical (curve fitting) and zero-dimensional models which essentially coupled thermodynamic, kinetic, and resistance effects, to one/twodimensional phenomenological models. One of the early phenomenological models of a PEMFC with a Nafion membrane was developed by Bernardi and Verbrugge [1]. Since then, significant developments have been made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Model for Reformate Gas

Mamlouk

Sousa

Scott

2011

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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A one-dimensional model of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes is described. The model considers mass transport through a thin film electrolyte covering the catalyst particles as well as through the porous media. The incorporation of a thin film model describing reactant gas mass transport through electrolyte covering the electrocatalyst is shown to be an essential requirement for accurate simulation. The catalyst interface is represented using a macrohomogeneous model. The influence of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which would be present in a reformate gas, is considered in terms of the effect on the anode polarisation/kinetics behaviour. The model simulates the influence of operating conditions, cell parameters, and fuel gas compositions on the cell voltage current density characteristics. The model gives good predictions of the effect of oxygen and air pressures on cell behaviour and correctly simulates the mass transport behaviour of the cell. The model with reformate gas shows that additional voltage losses associated with CO poisoning can lead to loss in voltage of tens of mV and thus reduction in power.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Model for Reformate Gas

Mamlouk

Sousa

Scott

2011

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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“…Fuel cell models at the cell level are presented in [2][3][4]. Studies concerned with optimum operating conditions are discussed in [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of fuel cell system operating conditions for fuel cell vehicles

Zhao

Burke

2009

Journal of Power Sources

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Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology for use in fuel cell vehicles and other applications has been intensively developed in recent decades. Besides the fuel cell stack, air and fuel control and thermal and water management are major challenges in the development of the fuel cell for vehicle applications. The air supply system can have a major impact on overall system efficiency. In this paper a fuel cell system model for optimizing system operating conditions was developed which includes the transient dynamics of the air system with varying back pressure. Compared to the conventional fixed back pressure operation, the optimal operation discussed in this paper can achieve higher system efficiency over the full load range. Finally, the model is applied as part of a dynamic forward-looking vehicle model of a load-following direct hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to explore the energy economy optimization potential of fuel cell vehicles.

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“…The dissolved oxygen concentration at the interface between the pore phase and the Nafion phase is related to the gaseous oxygen concentration using the Henry's law, expressed as [50,51]:…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Hussain

Song

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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Modeling an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Hussain, M.M.; Song, D.; Liu, Z.-S.; Xie, Z.This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. abstract A 3D mathematical model of an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer (CCL) has been developed for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In an ordered nanostructured CCL, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used as support material for Pt catalyst, upon which a thin layer of proton-conducting polymer (Nafion) is deposited, which are then aligned along the main transport direction (perpendicular to the membrane) of various species. The model considers all the relevant processes in different phases of an ordered nanostructured CCL. In addition, the effect of Knudsen diffusion is accounted in the model. The model can predict not only the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL at various operating and design conditions but also can predict the distributions of various fields in different phases of an ordered nanostructured CCL. The predicted nanostructured CCL performance with estimated membrane overpotential is validated with measured data found in the literature, and a good agreement is obtained between the model prediction and measured result. Moreover, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of key design parameters on the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL. In the absence of liquid water, it is found that oxygen diffusion in the pore phase is not the limiting factor for the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL, owing to its parallel gas pores and high porosity. However, the transport of dissolved oxygen through the Nafion phase has a significant effect on the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL. Further, it is found that increasing the spacing between CNTs results in a considerable drop in the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL at the base case conditions considered in the simulation.

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A Mathematical Model of the Solid‐Polymer‐Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Abstract: We present a mathematical model of the solid-polymer-electrolyte fuel cell and apply it to (i) investigate factors that limit cell performance and (it) elucidate the mechanism of species transport in the complex network of gas, liquid, and solid phases of the

Cited by 1,237 publications

References 5 publications

A High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Model for Reformate Gas

A High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Model for Reformate Gas

Optimization of fuel cell system operating conditions for fuel cell vehicles

Modeling an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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