A Mathematical Framework, Simulation, and Measurement of Harmonic Identification Systems

Alam, Jahangir; Khaliel, Maher; El-Awamry, Ahmed; Zheng, Feng; Solbach, Klaus; Kaiser, Thomas

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3295127

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…By multiplying the frequency of the received ramps by a factor N inside of this tag, they are, in theory, the only targets appearing when downconverting with this multiplied ramp at the radar system. The previous work is in line with other harmonic radar systems also based on N = 2 [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. Advantageously, frequency doubling is easily realizable even at millimeter-wave (mmwave) frequencies by Gilbert-cells or push-pull-doublers [15].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Braun,

Schöpfel,

Bredendiek

et al. 2024

IEEE Microw. Wireless Tech. Lett.

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Vulnerable road users like pedestrians, pedal-, and motorcyclists have accounted for an increasing proportion of traffic fatalities in the last 15 years. Simultaneously, harmonic radar systems have been implemented for applications where distinction between specific targets and surrounding clutter is required. However, the doubled frequencies conventionally used in harmonic radar systems are not licensed for automotive applications. Connecting the 76-81 GHz automotive band with the 134-141 GHz currently going through regulation instead necessitates what we propose to call inharmonic radar. Therefore, an innovative frequency modulation instead of doubling is required. This modulation is achieved and presented in this work with an active tag based on a novel 1.75 times fractional frequency multiplier. It successfully implements the required frequency conversion upward of -53 dBm of input power with undesired spectral components suppressed by more than 20 dB.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Braun,

Schöpfel,

Bredendiek

et al. 2024

IEEE Microw. Wireless Tech. Lett.

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show abstract

“…Subsequently, the diode’s squaring is expressed in Equation ( 7 ), and the output signal from the diode is shown in Equation (8):

where

is the diode’s conversion loss, as discussed in [ 21 , 25 ]. Further details regarding antenna integration, polarization, and analog aspects are presented in [ 26 ]. The effect of the diode on the signal phase is not considered in the model or in this paper, since the utilized signal processing considers only the signal’s amplitude.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic FMCW Radar System: Passive Tag Detection and Precise Ranging Estimation

El-Awamry,

Zheng,

Kaiser

et al. 2024

Sensors

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This paper details the design and implementation of a harmonic frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system, specialized in detecting harmonic tags and achieving precise range estimation. Operating within the 2.4–2.5 GHz frequency range for the forward channel and 4.8–5.0 GHz for the backward channel, this study delves into the various challenges faced during the system’s realization. These challenges include selecting appropriate components, calibrating the system, processing signals, and integrating the system components. In addition, we introduce a single-layer passive harmonic tag, developed specifically for assessing the system, and provide an in-depth theoretical analysis and simulation results. Notably, the system is characterized by its low power consumption, making it particularly suitable for short-range applications. The system’s efficacy is further validated through experimental evaluations in a real-world indoor environment across multiple tag positions. Our measurements underscore the system’s robust ranging accuracy and its ability to mitigate self-interference, showcasing its significant potential for applications in harmonic tag detection and ranging.

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A Mathematical Framework, Simulation, and Measurement of Harmonic Identification Systems

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Harmonic FMCW Radar System: Passive Tag Detection and Precise Ranging Estimation

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