A mathematical biomechanical model for bone remodeling integrated with a radial point interpolating meshless method

Context Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), a commonly used herb of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae). The ethanol extract of FLL is a potential candidate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) by nourishing the liver and kidneys. Objective This study determines whether an ethanol extract of FLL has anti-osteoporotic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and explores the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods The OVX model of eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice was taken, and ovariectomy was used as PMOP. Mice were divided into five groups: sham-operated group ( n = 10), OVX group ( n = 10), OVX + E 2 group ( n = 10; 0.039 mg/kg), OVX + FLL group ( n = 10; 2 g/kg) and OVX + FLL group ( n = 10; 4 g/kg). Mice were treated by gavage with FLL or CMCNa once daily for 8 weeks. We harvested uteri, femur, and tibias from mice; bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure were obtained by X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. Furthermore, the effect of FLL on the balance of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation was investigated using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Results The results indicated that FLL did not affect OVX-induced estradiol reduction. Compared with OVX mice, FLL significantly increased BMD (63.54 vs. 61.96), Conn. D (86.46 vs. 57.00), and left tibial strength (13.91 vs. 11.27), decreased Tb. Sp (0.38 vs. 0.44) and body fat content (4.19% vs. 11.24%). FLL decreased osteoclast activity and enhanced RUNX2 expression; inhibited perilipin peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and adipocyte differentiation from BMMSCs. Conclusions FLL prevented additional bone loss and improved bone microstructure in OVX mice by modulating bone and fat balance, suggesting that FLL might be a therapeutic agent for PMOP.

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“…Bone remodeling is a complex process involving bone resorption and formation (Peyroteo et al. 2021 ; Yu et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of bone and fat balance by Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in ovariectomized mice

Qin

Wei

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Nowadays, the RPIM is a wellestablished method in solid mechanics (Liu, 2011). Recently, it has been extended to a wide range of science and engineering applications, including thermo-mechanical fracture problems (Liaghat et al, 2021), crack growth simulations (Nguyen et al, 2020), adhesive joint modeling (Ramalho et al, 2021), vibration and buckling analysis (Noroozi et al, 2020), biological bone remodeling (Peyroteo et al, 2021) and magneto-electro structures (Ren et al, 2020). In the topology optimization field, the RPIM is still underused.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2021), vibration and buckling analysis (Noroozi et al. , 2020), biological bone remodeling (Peyroteo et al. , 2021) and magneto-electro structures (Ren et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary structural optimization algorithm for the analysis of light automobile parts using a meshless technique

Gonçalves

Lopes²,

Campilho³

et al. 2022

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PurposeThe purpose of the present work is to develop the combination of the radial point interpolation method (RPIM) with a bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) algorithm and extend it to the analysis of benchmark examples and automotive industry applications.Design/methodology/approachA BESO algorithm capable of detecting variations in the stress level of the structure, and thus respond to those changes by reinforcing the solid material, is developed. A meshless method, the RPIM, is used to iteratively obtain the stress field. The obtained optimal topologies are then recreated and numerically analyzed to validate its proficiency.FindingsThe proposed algorithm is capable to achieve accurate benchmark material distributions. Implementation of the BESO algorithm combined with the RPIM allows developing innovative lightweight automotive structures with increased performance.Research limitations/implicationsComputational cost of the topology optimization analysis is constrained by the nodal density discretizing the problem domain. Topology optimization solutions are usually complex, whereby they must be fabricated by additive manufacturing techniques and experimentally validated.Practical implicationsIn automotive industry, fuel consumption, carbon emissions and vehicle performance is influenced by structure weight. Therefore, implementation of accurate topology optimization algorithms to design lightweight (cost-efficient) components will be an asset in industry.Originality/valueMeshless methods applications in topology optimization are not as widespread as the finite element method (FEM). Therefore, this work enhances the state-of-the-art of meshless methods and demonstrates the suitability of the RPIM to solve topology optimization problems. Innovative lightweight automotive structures are developed using the proposed methodology.

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“…To account for the probabilistic nature of BSI, several modeling studies have utilized finite element modeling to predict stress or strain in the tibia during routine activities in combination with a Weibull distribution of failure probability [31][32][33][34]38]. In silico models of bone remodeling repair and adaptation have been developed and improved for over two decades and are routinely validated against experimental bone fracture data [34,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. While adaptive bone responses and failure probability across a wide range of running speeds have been examined by Edwards et al [47], effects of walking and smaller increments of speed changes have not been examined before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico modeling of tibial fatigue life in physically active males and females during different exercise protocols

Paul¹,

Pant²,

George³

et al. 2022

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Preventing bone stress injuries (BSI) requires a deep understanding of the condition’s underlying causes and risk factors. Subject-specific computer modeling studies of gait mechanics, including the effect of changes in running speed, stride length, and landing patterns on tibial stress injury formation can provide essential insights into BSI prevention. This study aimed to computationally examine the effect of different exercise protocols on tibial fatigue life in male and female runners during prolonged walking and running at three different speeds. To achieve these aims, we combined subject-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gait data, finite element analysis, and a fatigue life prediction algorithm, including repair and adaptation’s influence. The algorithm predicted a steep increase in the likelihood of developing a BSI within the first 40 days of activity. In five of the six subjects simulated, faster running speeds corresponded with higher tibial strains and higher probability of failure. Our simulations also showed that female subjects had a higher mean peak probability of failure in all four gait conditions than the male subjects studied. The approach used in this study could lay the groundwork for studies in larger populations and patient-specific clinical tools and decision support systems to reduce BSIs in athletes, military personnel, and other active individuals.

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A mathematical biomechanical model for bone remodeling integrated with a radial point interpolating meshless method

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Regulation of bone and fat balance by Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in ovariectomized mice

Regulation of bone and fat balance by Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in ovariectomized mice

An evolutionary structural optimization algorithm for the analysis of light automobile parts using a meshless technique

In silico modeling of tibial fatigue life in physically active males and females during different exercise protocols

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