A Mass-Production Process of a Highly Pure Medical Use 99mTc from Natural Isotopic Mo(n, γ) 99Mo without Using Uranium

Fusion-Based Neutron Generator Production of Tc-99m and Tc-101: A Prospective Avenue to Technetium Theranostics

“…The notion of 99m Tc adsorption on AC has been previously discussed in the literature [ 62 ]. In fact, the application of using AC to effectively separate 99m Tc from LSA 99 Mo, which was first demonstrated by Tatenuma et al [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], has also been the topic of several subsequent studies from other groups [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. For example, Tatenuma et al demonstrated the separation of 99m Tc from Mo targets with specific activities <0.5 Ci/g of 99 Mo at neutral pH; isolation of [ 99m TcO 4 ] − in saline solution with a radiochemical purity of 6–7 N within 30–50 min and recoveries between 90–98% were achieved [ 63 ].…”

“…In fact, the application of using AC to effectively separate 99m Tc from LSA 99 Mo, which was first demonstrated by Tatenuma et al [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], has also been the topic of several subsequent studies from other groups [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. For example, Tatenuma et al demonstrated the separation of 99m Tc from Mo targets with specific activities <0.5 Ci/g of 99 Mo at neutral pH; isolation of [ 99m TcO 4 ] − in saline solution with a radiochemical purity of 6–7 N within 30–50 min and recoveries between 90–98% were achieved [ 63 ]. Production quantities of 99m Tc from µCi to hundreds of Cis per batch were determined feasible, and subsequent tagging experiments with HMPAO and MIBI proved comparable to fission-generator-derived 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals in murine models [ 63 ].…”

“…The shorter half-lives of both the parent and daughter permit ample activity of 101 Tc to be produced, even with moderate neutron fluxes and irradiation times under the conditions previously discussed, which in turn would allow for further tagging, QA-QC, and distribution within an immediate locale. Recent efforts on establishing robust and efficient separations of 99m Tc from low-specific activity 99 Mo targets [ 2 , 22 , 23 , 63 , 85 , 86 ] also provide possible avenues for the isolation and use of 101 Tc. As demonstrated here, the use of activated carbon as a chromatographic substrate is effective for isolating 101 Tc from LSA Mo solutions under acidic conditions.…”

Design of an X -band electron linear accelerator dedicated to decentralized Mo99/TcJang1, Yamamoto2, Uesaka3 2017Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams10020View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…where t EOI is the time at the end of irradiation (EOI), t pro is the time during which the irradiated Mo target is cooled and chemically processed, t EOP is the time at the end of chemical processing (EOP), κ is the ratio of 99 Mo lost at EOP, and ζ is the 99m Tc elution efficiency. [16]; and lastly (7) ζ ¼ 0.7 based on ζ ≥ 0.9 of 99m Tc generators developed for use with 99 Mo having low specific activity (LSA) [13,68]. The higher κ and lower ζ allow avoiding underestimation.…”

“…Equation (17) indicates that 99 Mo produced via 100 Moðγ; nÞ 99 Mo inevitably exhibits LSA, because both the reactant and product nuclides are the isotopes of molybdenum. As the LSA of 99 Mo precludes the use of conventional alumina chromatography for 99m Tc separation [3,13], several alternative methods [68,73,74] have been developed, upon which our assumed elution conditions, the timeinvariant ζ ¼ 0.7 in particular, are based. This field, however, is still in its infancy, and therefore the elution conditions used in this study can all be changed as the technology progresses: certainly the value of ζ can be adjusted, ζ can become time dependent, and the number of elutions may not reach the used one, 11.…”