1996
DOI: 10.1007/bf00204206
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A Markovian formalization of heart rate dynamics evinces a quantum-like hypothesis

Abstract: Most investigations into heart rate dynamics have emphasized continuous functions, whereas the heart beat itself is a discrete event. We present experimental evidence that by considering this quality, the dynamics may be appreciated as a result of singular dynamics arising out of non-Lipschitz formalisms. Markov process analysis demonstrates that heart beats may then be considered in terms of quantum-like constraints.

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Cited by 19 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…While this feature can be visually well appreciated, the inability to perform hypothesis testing can, however, lessen its usefulness. As a result, several variables have been suggested to quantify RP's and have found utility in a wide range of scientific explorations [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While this feature can be visually well appreciated, the inability to perform hypothesis testing can, however, lessen its usefulness. As a result, several variables have been suggested to quantify RP's and have found utility in a wide range of scientific explorations [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the existence of ‘modules’ implies some form of discretization occurs while any form of hierarchy implies the possibility to define ‘discrete layers’. The choice of the ‘optimal discretization’ when in presence of a sufficient amount of data can be based on the maximization of explained variance by a cluster analysis procedure [28], [29], a well studied statistical problem. A specific observation is assigned to its ‘discrete class’ on the basis the minimum distance to the k centroid values (average values for the studied variables, in this case the clustering variable is only one and corresponds to the expression level of the correspondent gene) relative to the best k-means cluster solution.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With sufficient data, using basic statistical analysis such as looking at standard deviation and mean values, we can appropriately discretize the state levels in both transcription factor binding activation and mRNA expression. In the case of a sufficiently high number of observations, a data driven discretization process can be performed by means of k-means cluster analysis [28], [29] by assigning each observation to the nearest cluster. The noise is not a major issue for this approach given that substituting actual value with the cluster centroid value (cluster = discrete classes) facilitates the noise filtration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Simply stated, a terminal dynamic is a dynamic the reaches its terminus [25]. It comes to its end and simply stops.…”
Section: Partitioning the Cardiac Period As A Terminal Dynamicmentioning
confidence: 99%