A market-oriented hierarchical framework for residential demand response

Ali, Mubbashir; Alahäivälä, Antti; Malik, Farhan H.; Humayun, Muhammad; Safdarian, Amir; Lehtonen, Matti

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.01.020

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The thermal states transition, given by Equations (5), (7) and (10), and the state constraints, given by Equations (6) and (8), are summarized by…”

Section: Buildings and Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three optimal control problems are solved to determine, first, a cost-optimal baseline for the consumer, and then the maximum upward and downward modulations available during a given time span of the day. Article [10] proposes a similar optimization scheme to [9] that is applied to residential demand response. The costoptimal day-ahead prediction of the baseline is followed by an intraday modulation with the introduction of "bonus" price incentives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second contribution is the characterization of the payback following the activation of the upward and downward power modulation service and of its influence on the achievable modulation amplitude for different periods of the day. The methodology is therefore complementary to the methods presented in [9] and [10] by constraining the payback time and characterizing the rebound effect in terms of costs and energy volumes, and it differs from [7] in which the payback time is a result of the optimization scheme with a unique daily value.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Direct control service from residential heat pump aggregation with specified payback

Georges

Lemort

Cornélusse

et al. 2016

2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC)

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Abstract-This paper addresses the problem of an aggregator controlling residential heat pumps to offer a direct control flexibility service. The service is defined by a 15 minute power modulation, upward or downward, followed by a payback of one hour and 15 minutes. The service modulation is relative to an optimized baseline that minimizes the energy costs. The potential amount of modulable power and the payback effect are computed by solving mixed integer linear problems. Within these problems, the building thermal behavior is modeled by an equivalent thermal network made of resistances and lumped capacitances whose parameters are identified from validated models. Simulations are performed on 100 freestanding houses. For an average 4.3 kW heat pump, results show a potential of 1.2 kW upward modulation with a payback of 600 Wh and 150 Wh of overconsumption. A downward modulation of 500 W per house can be achieved with a payback of 420 Wh and 120 Wh of overconsumption.

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“…The thermal states transition, given by Equations (5), (7) and (10), and the state constraints, given by Equations (6) and (8), are summarized by…”

Section: Buildings and Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct control service from residential heat pump aggregation with specified payback

Georges

Lemort

Cornélusse

et al. 2016

2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC)

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“…The analogy of a battery is often employed to describe load-shifting DR in power systems due to the energy storage that occurs during load shifting [20], [21]. However, there are several distinctions between batteries and appliances capable of load shifting.…”

Section: Characterizing Thermal-electric Load-shifting Demand Responsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Inclusion of Energy-Shifting Demand Response in Production Cost Models: Methodology and a Case Study

O׳Connell¹,

Hale

Doebber

et al. 2015

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In the context of future power system requirements for additional flexibility, demand response (DR) is an attractive potential resource. Its proponents widely laud its prospective benefits, which include enabling higher penetrations of variable renewable generation at lower cost than alternative storage technologies, and improving economic efficiency. In practice, DR from the commercial and residential sectors is largely an emerging, not a mature, resource, and its actual costs and benefits need to be studied to determine promising combinations of physical DR resource, enabling controls and communications, power system characteristics, regulatory environments, market structures, and business models. The work described in this report focuses on the enablement of such analysis from the production cost modeling perspective. In particular, we contribute a bottom-up methodology for modeling load-shifting DR in production cost models. The resulting model is sufficiently detailed to reflect the physical characteristics and constraints of the underlying flexible load, and includes the possibility of capturing diurnal and seasonal variations in the resource. Nonetheless, the model is of low complexity and thus suitable for inclusion in conventional unit commitment and market clearing algorithms. The ability to simulate DR as an operational resource on a power system over a year facilitates an assessment of its time-varying value to the power system.The modeling methodology is demonstrated through a case study of aggregated supermarket refrigeration systems providing balancing energy reserves in real-time markets at different levels of variable generation (VG). This DR resource is implemented in a test power system that represents a subset of the U.S Western Interconnection centered on Colorado. The value of DR from the population of supermarkets in Colorado is found to be $32.85 per kilowatt-year (kW-yr) presuming no other DR resources. The value decreases significantly (to $6.95/kW-year in the most extreme case) when we increase the capacity of the DR resource to naïvely represent the incorporation of DR from other flexible loads (in actuality, other DR resources will have different characteristics, such that the decrease in value will not be as steep). Refrigeration DR is found to offer greater value to the power system during the winter months than the summer months due to operational constraints that limit the flexibility of the resource during the summer. The value of DR is found to increase as the penetration of VG increases, reaching $46.05/kWyear for our baseline DR penetration and a variable generation (VG) penetration of 55%. We do see a plateau in the value of DR going from 45% to 55% VG. This is attributable to the inability of DR to provide energy storage on horizons longer than 24 hours.Overall, this work is a study in methodology. The case study is included primarily to show that the model is working properly and that this line of research is worthwhile. The reported numbers do not represent a true value o...

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“…Three optimal control problems are solved to determine, first, a cost-optimal baseline for the consumer, and then, the maximum upward and downward modulations available during a given time span of the day. Ali et al [21] propose a similar optimization scheme to [20] that is applied to residential demand response. The cost-optimal day-ahead prediction of the baseline is followed by an intra-day modulation with the introduction of "bonus" price incentives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential heat pump as flexible load for direct control service with parametrized duration and rebound effect

et al. 2017

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This paper addresses the problem of an aggregator controlling residential heat pumps to offer a direct control flexibility service. The service consists of a power modulation, upward or downward, that is activated at a given time period over a fixed number of periods. The service modulation is relative to an optimized baseline that minimizes the energy costs. The load modulation is directly followed by a constrained rebound effect, consisting of a delay time with no deviations from the baseline consumption and a payback time to return to the baseline state. The potential amount of modulation and the constrained rebound effect are computed by solving mixed integer linear problems. Within these problems, the thermal behavior of the building is modeled by an equivalent thermal network made of resistances and lumped capacitances. Simulations are performed for different sets of buildings typical of the Belgian residential building stock and are presented in terms of achievable modulation amplitude, deviations from the baseline and associated costs. A cluster of one hundred ideal buildings, corresponding to retrofitted freestanding houses, is then chosen to investigate the influence of each parameter defined within the service. Results show that with a set of one hundred heat pumps, a load aggregator could expect to harvest mean modulation amplitudes of up to 138kW for an upward modulation and up * Corresponding author Email address: emeline.georges@ulg.ac.be (Emeline Georges) (DOI:10.1016(DOI:10. /j.apenergy.2016 to 51kW for a downward modulation. The obtained values strongly depend on the proposed flexibility service. For example, they can decrease down to 2.6kW and 0.4kW, respectively, if no rebound effect is allowed. Accepted in Applied Energy

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A market-oriented hierarchical framework for residential demand response

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Direct control service from residential heat pump aggregation with specified payback

Direct control service from residential heat pump aggregation with specified payback

On the Inclusion of Energy-Shifting Demand Response in Production Cost Models: Methodology and a Case Study

Residential heat pump as flexible load for direct control service with parametrized duration and rebound effect

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