A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003–2007

Poland, Michael P.; Miklius, A.; Sutton, A. J.; Thornber, Carl R.

doi:10.1038/ngeo1426

Cited by 165 publications

(206 citation statements)

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“…Repeated influx 144 of magma into these storage reservoirs, at rates of ~0.1 km 3 y -1 (Swanson et al, 1976; Dzurisin et 145 al., 1984;Poland et al, 2014), typically results in episodes of inflation and deflation, driving 146 eruptive episodes either at the summit, or shallow intrusion and eruption within two pronounced 147 rift zones: the Southwest and East Rift Zones ( Figure 2A,B), which radiate south-westward and 148 eastward from the summit (Duffield et al, 1982;Wright and Klein, 2006;Poland et al, 2012). released (Dvorak and Dzurisin, 1993;Poland et al, 2012). As a result of complex dynamics of the 154 system, extension rates across Kīlauea also vary considerably from: ~26 cm/y -1 between 1975-155 1983 to <5 cm/y -1 since 1983 (Delaney et al, 1990(Delaney et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Methods 116mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal fault growth in layered basaltic rocks: The role of strain rate in fault evolution

Bubeck

Walker

Imber

et al. 2018

Journal of Structural Geology

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9Conceptual models for the evolution of dilatant faults in volcanic rift settings involve a step-wise 10 growth pattern, involving upward propagation of subsurface faults, surface monocline formation, 11 which are breached by subvertical, open faults. Immature, discontinuous normal faults are 12 considered representative of the early stages of mature, linked faults that accommodate extensional 13 strains. We consider the evolution of surface-breaking normal faults using a comparison of the 14 distribution and geometry of normal faults from two volcanic rift zones: the Koaʻe fault system, 15Hawaiʻi, and the Krafla fissure swarm, NE Iceland. Field mapping highlights similarities to current 16 predicted geometries, but also prominent differences that are not reconciled by current models. 17Variable deformation styles record magma supply changes within the rift zones, which drive local 18 strain rate gradients. Building on existing studies, we present a conceptual model of fault growth 19 that accounts for spatial and temporal changes in strain rate within the deforming regions. We 20propose that faults in separate rift systems may not advance through the same stages of evolution 21and that faults within individual rift systems can show differing growth patterns. Variations in 22 2 surface strains may be indicative of subsurface magmatic system changes, with important 23 implications for our understanding of volcano-tectonic coupling. 24 25Key words: normal fault; monocline; extension; basalt; volcanic rift 26 27 Introduction 28Normal fault systems comprise discontinuous, non-collinear segments, with overlaps and segment 29 linkage commonly resulting in characteristic overlapping or step-like geometries across a broad 30 range of scales (e.g. Segall and Pollard, 1980;Peacock, 2002; Long and Imber, 2011). Regional 31 extension is conserved ahead of first-order fault terminations by areas of folding and linking faults 32 and fractures (e.g. Morley et al., 1990;Faulds and Varga, 1998). The geometry and distribution of 33 structures within these domains play an important role in the tectono-stratigraphic development of 34 rift basins (e.g. Lambiase and Bosworth, 1995; Sharp et al., 2000; Hus et al., 2006), and the 35 evolving fluid flow properties of fault zones (e.g. Manzocchi et al., 2010;Seebeck et al., 2014). 36Much of our current understanding of the growth of normal fault populations and fault zone 37 architecture is derived from studies of faults in clastic sequences using combinations of: (1) fault 38 analysis and scaling relationships, based on field and seismic data-derived measurements of 39 displacement and length versus width (e.g. Ferrill and Morris, 2001;Peacock, 2002; Walsh et al., 40 2003;Nixon et al., 2014); (2) scaled-analogue modelling (e.g. Holland et al., 2006; Tentler and 41 Acocella, 2010); and (3) numerical-based modelling techniques (e.g. Crider and Pollard, 1998; 42 Maerten et al., 2002;Schöpfer et al., 2006). Many of these studies have focussed on fault 43 propagation and se...

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Section: Methods 116mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal fault growth in layered basaltic rocks: The role of strain rate in fault evolution

Bubeck

Walker

Imber

et al. 2018

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…As longer-term volcanic gas records increase in number and quality, full empirical evidence is finally emerging for increased CO 2 flux emissions prior to eruption of mafic to intermediate volcanoes (Aiuppa, 2015). Precursory plume CO 2 flux increases have been now detected at several volcanoes, including Etna (Aiuppa et al, 2008;Patanè et al, 2013), Kilauea (Poland et al, 2012), Redoubt (Werner et al, 2013), Turrialba (de Moor et al, 2016a), and Poas (de Moor et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Advances in Dial-Lidar-Based Remote Sensing of the Volcanic CO2 Flux

et al. 2017

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We report here on the results of a proof-of-concept study aimed at remotely sensing the volcanic CO 2 flux using a Differential Adsorption lidar (DIAL-lidar). The observations we report on were conducted in June 2014 on Stromboli volcano, where our lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging) was used to scan the volcanic plume at ∼3 km distance from the summit vents. The obtained results prove that a remotely operating lidar can resolve a volcanic CO 2 signal of a few tens of ppm (in excess to background air) over km-long optical paths. We combine these results with independent estimates of plume transport speed (from processing of UV Camera images) to derive volcanic CO 2 flux time-series of ≈16-33 min temporal resolution. Our lidar-based CO 2 fluxes range from 1.8 ± 0.5 to 32.1 ± 8.0 kg/s, and constrain the daily averaged CO 2 emissions from Stromboli at 8.3 ± 2.1 to 18.1 ± 4.5 kg/s (or 718-1565 tons/day). These inferred fluxes fall within the range of earlier observations at Stromboli. They also agree well with contemporaneous CO 2 flux determinations (8.4-20.1 kg/s) obtained using a standard approach that combines Multi-GAS-based in-plume readings of the CO 2 /SO 2 ratio (≈8) with UV-camera sensed SO 2 fluxes (1.5-3.4 kg/s). We conclude that DIAL-lidars offer new prospects for safer (remote) instrumental observations of the volcanic CO 2 flux.Keywords: volcanic CO 2 , DIAL-lidar, Stromboli, remote sensing, CO 2 flux INTRODUCTION A major step forward in ground-based volcano monitoring has recently arisen from the advent of modern instrumental techniques and networks for volcanic gas observations (Galle et al., 2010;Oppenheimer et al., 2014;Saccorotti et al., 2014;Fischer and Chiodini, 2015). Such technical advances provide improved temporal resolution relative to traditional direct sampling techniques (Symonds et al., 1994;Giggenbach, 1996). As longer-term volcanic gas records increase in number and quality, full empirical evidence is finally emerging for increased CO 2 flux emissions prior to eruption of mafic to intermediate volcanoes (Aiuppa, 2015). Precursory plume CO 2 flux increases have been now detected at several volcanoes, including Etna (Aiuppa et al., 2008;Patanè et al., 2013), Kilauea (Poland et al., 2012), Redoubt (Werner et al., 2013), Turrialba (de Moor et al., 2016a), and Poas (de Moor et al., 2016b).At Stromboli (in Italy), however, CO 2 flux observations have been particularly valuable for interpreting, and eventually predicting, the volcano's behavior (Aiuppa et al., 2010a Stromboli, the "regular" mild strombolian activity is occasionally interrupted by larger-scale vulcanian-style explosions, locally referred as "major explosions" or (in the most extreme events) "paroxysms" (Rosi et al., 2006(Rosi et al., , 2013Andronico and Pistolesi, 2010;Pistolesi et al., 2011;Pioli et al., 2014). These explosions, although short-lived (tens of seconds to a few minutes), represent a real hazard for local populations, tourists and volcanologists, since they produce fallout of coarse pyroclastic materials over w...

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“…It has been used to investigate enormous volcanic activities in recent decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. To map realistic surface motions, three-dimensional (3D) components of surface deformation have been retrieved in recent studies [6,[8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting the Source Location of Recent Summit Inflation via Three-Dimensional InSAR Observation of Kīlauea Volcano

Jung

Won

2015

Remote Sensing

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Starting on 21 April 2015, unusual activity on the summit of Kīlauea was detected. Rapid summit inflation and a rising lava lake in Halema'uma'u crater were interpreted as early signs of imminent magma intrusion. We explored the three-dimensional (3D) surface motion accompanying this volcanic event using the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) stacking method. Multi-temporal COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR data collected from ascending and descending orbits were processed for the time period encompassing the unrest behavior. The 3D displacement maps retrieved by integrating the stacked InSAR with Multiple-Aperture Interferometric SAR (MAI) measurements revealed the deformation patterns and areal coverage of this volcanic activity. The observed maximum displacements were approximately 8.2, −13.8, and 11.6 cm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. The best-fit model for the mechanism causing the surface deformation was determined via ten thousand simulations using the 3D surface deformation as the input. When compared to the results of a previous study, the 3D-based modeling produced more precise model parameter estimates with markedly lower uncertainties. The optimal spheroid magma source was located southwest of the caldera, lying at a depth of approximately 2.8 km below the surface. Precise model parameter estimates produced using the 3D-based modeling will be helpful in understanding the magma behavior in Kīlauea's complex volcanic system.

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A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003–2007

Cited by 165 publications

References 40 publications

Normal fault growth in layered basaltic rocks: The role of strain rate in fault evolution

Normal fault growth in layered basaltic rocks: The role of strain rate in fault evolution

New Advances in Dial-Lidar-Based Remote Sensing of the Volcanic CO2 Flux

Detecting the Source Location of Recent Summit Inflation via Three-Dimensional InSAR Observation of Kīlauea Volcano

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