“…According to Damanpour (1991), new processes and technologies are forms of innovation, generally targeting better performance. In 4IR manufactures, innovation is also connected to performance and value co-creation (Bertoncel, Erenda, Bach, et al, 2018;Briones-Peñalver et al, 2019;Lerch & Gotsch, 2015;Ooi et al, 2018;Sjödin, 2019;Synnes & Welo, 2016), prominently favoring intracompany (Qu et al, 2019), and interorganizational integration (Lerch & Gotsch, 2015;Yun & Liu, 2019). To supplement their capabilities, companies rely on partners (Briones-Peñalver et al, 2019;Synnes & Welo, 2016), and customers (Lerch & Gotsch, 2015).…”