“…Electrochemical methods have gained widespread attention due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, high sensitivity, and rapid sensing capabilities. 5,[14][15][16][17][18] Indeed, they allow the preparation of sensing devices that t the World Health Organization "ASSURED: Affordable, Sensitive, Selective, User-friendly, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users" criteria. 19,20 For instance, Gökçe et al 21 developed an aptamerbased electrochemical sensor for OTA detection, demonstrating practical application in samples using pencil graphite electrodes.…”