A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Cerebellar Vermis in Chronically Treated and Treatment-Naïve Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Combined Type

Bledsoe, Jesse; Semrud‐Clikeman, Margaret; Pliszka, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.030

Cited by 106 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Castellanos et al demonstrated that, among children with ADHD, those treated with stimulants did not differ from controls in white matter volumes, whereas in medication-naïve children with ADHD, white matter volume was reduced compared to controls (Castellanos et al 2002). More recently, stimulant-related "normalization" has been reported for children with ADHD in right anterior cingulate and bilateral caudate volumes (i.e., volumes closer to controls compared to those untreated children with ADHD) (Pliszka et al 2006), and for crosssectional area of posterior interior cerebellar vermis (Bledsoe et al 2009). In a similar investigation, Sobel et al examined basal ganglia surface morphology and the effects of stimulant medication treatment in children with ADHD.…”

Section: Treatment With Stimulant Medication and Volumetrymentioning

confidence: 97%

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

Mahone

2011

Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Treatment

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The use of quantitative neuroimaging (volumetry), motor, and oculomotor assessments for studying children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has grown dramatically in the past 20 years. Most evidence to date suggests that anomalous basal ganglia development plays an important role in early manifestation of ADHD; however, widespread cerebellar and cortical delays are also observed and are associated with the behavioral (cognitive, motor, oculomotor) phenotype in children with ADHD. These motor and "executive" control systems appear to develop in parallel, such that both systems display a similar protracted developmental trajectory, with periods of rapid growth in elementary years and continued maturation into young adulthood. Development of each system is dependent on the functional integrity and maturation of related brain regions, suggesting a shared neural circuitry that includes frontostriatal systems and the cerebellum (i.e., those identified as anomalous in studies of volumetry in ADHD). Motor and oculomotor paradigms provide unique opportunities to examine executive control processes that exist at the interface between movement and cognition in children with ADHD, also linking cognition and neurological development. The observed pattern of volumetric differences, together with the known parallel development of motor and executive control systems, appears to predict motor and oculomotor anomalies in ADHD, which are highly relevant, yet commonly overlooked in clinical settings.

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Section: Treatment With Stimulant Medication and Volumetrymentioning

confidence: 97%

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

Mahone

2011

Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Treatment

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“…Prospective studies further examining this possibility, incorporating objective measures of hyperactivity, would be of interest. Multiple studies have reported structural abnormalities of the cerebellum in ADHD patients (Berquin et al, 1998;Castellanos et al, 2002;Mostofsky et al, 1998;Valera et al, 2007;Bledsoe et al, 2009). Overall, although some discrepancies exist, the weight of the evidence indicates that both global and regional volumetric abnormalities occur in ADHD.…”

Section: Selected Adhd Imaging Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

295

253

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Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedbackbased processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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“…A 5-year longitudinal study found smaller total white matter volume in unmedicated compared with medicated ADHD children (Castellanos et al 2002). More normative volumes in several brain areas, i.e., the inferior frontal cortex (Shaw et al 2009), cerebellum (Bledsoe et al 2009), basal ganglia (Sobel et al 2010), and anterior cingulate cortex have been found in chronically treated compared with unmedicated children. Pliszka et al (2006) reported more pronounced differences in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during an inhibition task in drug-naïve ADHD compared with healthy children, but direct comparisons between drug-naïve subjects and subjects with a history of psychostimulant treatment revealed no differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward processing in male adults with childhood ADHD—a comparison between drug-naïve and methylphenidate-treated subjects

et al. 2011

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Basal ganglia reward processing seemed to be unrelated to MPH pretreatment, but was related to remission. On the other hand, the revealed differences between treated and drug-naïve subjects with childhood ADHD, i.e., in the insula, give evidence for more pronounced abnormal activation in reward-associated brain regions in untreated subjects with childhood ADHD and underpin the need of prospective studies on long-term effects of psychostimulant treatment.

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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Cerebellar Vermis in Chronically Treated and Treatment-Naïve Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Combined Type

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Reward processing in male adults with childhood ADHD—a comparison between drug-naïve and methylphenidate-treated subjects

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