A Magnetic Bolometer for Single-Particle Detection

Bühler, M.; Umlauf, E.

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/5/4/003

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is usually argued that the population of closed loops (or rings) in wormlike micellar systems is always small and can be neglected at all practical concentrations [I]. But loop formation can and has been already detected experimentally [5,6]. In our Brownian dynamics simulations we do observe loop formation under realistic conditions, which isfor a positive end-cap energyan energetically favored, but entropically disfavored state of the system.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Micro/mesoscopic approaches to the ring formation in linear wormlike micellar systems

Kröger

1998

Macromolecular Symposia

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We hereby present i) a microscopic model for the self‐assembly of linear wormlike micelles for which scission/recombination processes and loop formation are allowed, and ii) a mesoscopic analytic description of such systems. Both approaches predict the extent of loop formation as function of the micellar concentration, the end‐cap energy and the flexibility of micelles. As a matter of fact, even if loop formation is unfavorable under many conditions, e.g., for stiff micelles and low end cap energies, they have to be treated correctly in any statistical approach to their behavior, since their presence can significantly affect the relaxation time spectrum, the rheological behavior and correlation function of various types.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Micro/mesoscopic approaches to the ring formation in linear wormlike micellar systems

Kröger

1998

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…It can be very accurately measured with a high bandwidth dc-SQUID magnetometer. The use of magnetism as thermal sensor was first developed by Buehler and Umlauf [58] and Umlauf and Buehler [59]. In these first attempts magnetic calorimeters were using the magnetization of 4f ions in dielectric host materials to measure temperature changes.…”

Section: Magnetic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Detectors

Pretzl¹

2020

Particle Physics Reference Library

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Most calorimeters used in high energy physics measure the energy loss of a particle in form of ionization (free charges) or scintillation light. However, a large fraction of the deposited energy in form of heat remains undetected. The energy resolution of these devices is therefore mainly driven by the statistical fluctuations of the number of charge carriers or photoelectrons involved in an event. In contrast, cryogenic calorimeters are able to measure the total deposited energy including the heat in form of phonons or quasi-particles in a superconductor. With the appropriate phonon or quasi-particle detection system much higher energy resolutions can be obtained due to the very large number of low energy quanta (meV) involved in the process. This feature makes cryogenic calorimeters very effective in the detection of very small energy deposits (eV) with resolutions more than an order of magnitude better than for example semiconductor devices. During the last two decades cryogenic detectors have been developed to explore new frontiers in physics and astrophysics. Among these are the quest for the dark matter in the universe, the neutrinoless double beta decay and the mass of the neutrino. But other fields of research have also benefited from these developments, such as astrophysics, material and life sciences. The calorimetric measurement of deposited energy in an absorber dates back to 1878, when the American astronomer S.P. Langley invented the bolometer [1]. With this device he was able to measure the energy flow of the sun in the far infrared region of the spectrum and to determine the solar constant. Since then the bolometer has played an important role to measure the energy of electromagnetic radiation

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“…Note that bolometers are sensitive to any kind of radiation, even to electromagnetic waves in the radio domain. Since they are sensitive to energy, they can also be used in single particle detection, such as α-particles or ions [29].…”

Section: Bolometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, Linear Momentum, and Angular Momentum of Light: What Do We Measure?

Émile

Émile²

2018

Annalen der Physik

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The most commonly observed quantity related to light is its power or, equivalently, its energy. It can be either measured with a bolometer, a photodiode, or estimated with the naked eye. Alternatively, people can measure the light impulse or linear momentum. However, linear momentum is characterized by its transfer to matter, and its precise value is, most of the time, of little use. Energy and linear momentum are linked and can be deduced from each other, from a theoretical point of view. Because the linear momentum measurement is more difficult, energy is the most often measured quantity. In every physical process, angular momentum, like energy and linear momentum, is conserved. However, it is independent and cannot be deduced from the energy or the linear momentum. It can only be estimated via its transfer to matter using a torque observation. Nevertheless, experimentally, the torque is found to be proportional to the optical power. This leads to a need for a quantum interpretation of the optical field in terms of photons. Clear experimental evidences and consequences are presented here and debated.

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A Magnetic Bolometer for Single-Particle Detection

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Micro/mesoscopic approaches to the ring formation in linear wormlike micellar systems

Micro/mesoscopic approaches to the ring formation in linear wormlike micellar systems

Cryogenic Detectors

Energy, Linear Momentum, and Angular Momentum of Light: What Do We Measure?

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