A magmatic source of hydrothermal sulfur for the Prominent Hill deposit and associated prospects in the Olympic iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) province of South Australia

Schlegel, Tobias U.; Wagner, Thomas; Boyce, Adrian J.; Heinrich, Christoph A.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.09.002

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Our data and data from other workers (e.g., Reich et al, 2013;Ismail et al, 2014;Barra et al, 2017;Schlegel et al, 2017) show that the majority of contained Cu and Au in porphyry and IOCG deposits is typically introduced after pyrite precipitation, as evidenced by the common fractured nature of the pyrites in this study which are healed and/or replaced by chalcopyrite containing native Au/electrum inclusions and other Au±Ag±Te bearing phases. However, as shown by Reich et al (2013), there is variation in the timing of Cu precipitation across different deposits and camps, including syn-pyrite Cu in solid-solution as well as post-pyrite Cu sulfide ore formation.…”

Section: Timing and Temperature Of Cu And Au Introduction In Porphyry...supporting

confidence: 78%

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Pyrite trace element behavior in magmatic-hydrothermal environments: An LA-ICPMS imaging study

Steadman

Large

Olin

et al. 2021

Ore Geology Reviews

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Section: Timing and Temperature Of Cu And Au Introduction In Porphyry...supporting

confidence: 78%

“…Mantoverde [Barra et al, 2017]; Prominent Hill [Schlegel et al, 2017]; Olympic Dam [Verdugo-Ihl et al, 2020]).…”

Section: Intercept Hillmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrite trace element behavior in magmatic-hydrothermal environments: An LA-ICPMS imaging study

Steadman

Large

Olin

et al. 2021

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…There is little consensus about the source of hydrothermal fluids associated with the IOCG Province, with genetic models proposing a crustal source (Cherry et al, 2017;McPhie, Kamenetsky, Allen, et al, 2011;McPhie, Kamenetsky, Chambefort, et al, 2011;McPhie et al, 2016), mantle/magmatic source (Creaser & Cooper, 1993;Ciobanu et al, 2013;Heinson et al, 2018;Johnson & McCulloch, 1995;Kirchenbaur et al, 2016;Kontonikas-Charos et al, 2017;McPhie, Kamenetsky, Allen, et al, 2011;Schlegel et al, 2016), and mixing of fluids from different sources Haynes et al, 1995;Huston et al, 2016;Skirrow et al, 2007Skirrow et al, , 2018Uvarova et al, 2017). The formation of the CGG deposits is not clear, as they record characteristics of both orogenic gold and intrusion-related systems (Fraser et al, 2007).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proxies for Basement Structure and Its Implications for Mesoproterozoic Metallogenic Provinces in the Gawler Craton

et al. 2019

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The link between mineral resources and crustal‐rooted structures has been proposed for many of the world's most significant mineral provinces. Here we utilize a new approach by interpreting potential field data, including satellite gravity data, and high‐resolution continental‐scale magnetotelluric data, constrained with aeromagnetic, and seismic tomography and reflection data, to determine the distribution of crustal‐scale faults in the Archean to Proterozoic Gawler Craton (South Australia). The eastern flank of the craton hosts the supergiant Olympic Dam iron oxide‐copper‐gold (IOCG) deposit within a larger Olympic IOCG province. The central part of the craton contains gold‐only deposits, which define the Central Gawler Gold province. Both of these provinces are part of a Mesoproterozoic mineral system with an extensive hydrothermal alteration footprint, which formed during complicated tectonic mode switches. We show that both types of mineralization are located in proximity to crustal‐scale structures that appear to connect deep crustal fragments, which likely record the amalgamation of the Archean nucleus of the craton during the Neoarchean with subsequent reworking during the Mesoproterozoic. Many of these structures do not have a surface expression but coincide with gradients in magnetism, gravity, and electric resistivity anomalies, the latter data set suggesting they acted as fluid pathways extending to the lower crust. The results indicate that the first‐order controls on the distribution of IOCG and Central Gawler Gold metallogenic provinces are inherited from earlier tectonic events, which formed major crustal boundaries and related structures that are prone to reworking during later tectonism.

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“…IOCG deposits also lack substantial quartz veining which has hindered the use of fluid inclusion and related studies to determine the temperature and composition of the mineralizing fluid(s) 8 – 12 . Geochemical proxies, particularly the chemical composition and Fe-O-H-S isotopic signatures of selected silicates, magnetite and pyrite, have provided some insights into the nature of the hydrothermal fluids 13 – 22 , but the thermal evolution of IOCG systems in space and time remains poorly constrained. In particular, the thermal and spatial evolution constraints of early Fe-rich and the main Cu(-Au) mineralization stage have not been addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of giant iron oxide-copper-gold deposits by superimposed episodic hydrothermal pulses

Real¹,

Reich²,

Simon³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits are a globally important source of copper, gold and critical commodities. Despite their relevance, IOCG deposits remain an ill-defined clan, with a range of characteristics that has complicated development of the general genetic model. Here we focus on the Candelaria IOCG deposit in Chile and reveal that by using micro-textural and compositional variations in actinolite, a common alteration mineral found in many IOCG deposits, we can constrain the evolution of these systems. We demonstrate that Candelaria formed by the superposition of at least two pulses of mineralization with a late Cu-rich event overprinting and superimposed over an early, and probably higher temperature, iron oxide-apatite (IOA) mineralization event. These distinct pulses were likely caused by episodic injections of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids from crystallizing magmas at depth. Our data provide empirical evidence of grain-to-deposit scale compositional and potentially temperature changes in an IOCG system. The results support the use of actinolite chemistry as a novel approach to understand the formation of IOCG deposits and a potential tool for vectoring in exploration.

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A magmatic source of hydrothermal sulfur for the Prominent Hill deposit and associated prospects in the Olympic iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) province of South Australia

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Pyrite trace element behavior in magmatic-hydrothermal environments: An LA-ICPMS imaging study

Pyrite trace element behavior in magmatic-hydrothermal environments: An LA-ICPMS imaging study

Proxies for Basement Structure and Its Implications for Mesoproterozoic Metallogenic Provinces in the Gawler Craton

Formation of giant iron oxide-copper-gold deposits by superimposed episodic hydrothermal pulses

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