A macromolecular halogen‐free flame retardant and its effect on the properties of thermoplastic polyesters

Abstract

Summary A halogen‐free flame retardant with a macromolecular structure is presented. Its synthesis proceeds via polymerization of phosphorus‐containing acrylate monomers. The flame retardant was incorporated into poly(ethylene terephthalate) by extrusion. Samples with different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 wt%) as well as a 25 wt% masterbatch were prepared. All samples were transparent and colorless without any visible irregularities. Thermal investigations reveal an unchanged glass transition temperature. Tensile tests show the typical mechanical behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate), but with an elevated Young's modulus. The burning behavior was investigated by several small‐flame tests in vertical and horizontal orientation, as well as by cone calorimetry. It is shown that samples with 2.5 wt% flame retardant pass the vertical UL94 test (V‐2, 20‐mm flame). The sample cannot be ignited in the horizontal fire test according to FMVSS 302. The oxygen index was measured to 28 vol%. Cone calorimetric measurements show that the effective heat of combustion as well as the total heat evolved is reduced.

Effect of a Novel Flame Retardant on the Mechanical, Thermal and Combustion Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

“…In recent years, several approaches have been applied to improve the flame retardant properties of PLA [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Non-halogen flame retardants such as phosphorus-containing silsesquioxane [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], intumescent flame retardants [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] were employed to overcome this drawback. For example, Chen et al [ 24 ] evaluated the efficiency of a novel flame retardant heax-( N , N ’, N ’’-tris-(2-amino-ethyl)-(1,3,5)triazine-2,4,6-triamine)cyclotriphosphazene (HTTCP) for PLA.…”

Construction of a P–N–Si flame retardant coating on the cotton fabric with the integration of biomass carbon dots and ammonium polyphosphate

“…In various nano-FR systems, nano carbon materials (such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc), with halogen-free, heat resistant, re resistant characteristics, is a kind of green environmental protection ame retardant materials. The common of carbon materials in ame retardant polymers [4][5][6][7][8][9], was especially in enhancing the carbon layer structure of polymer, such as increasing the content of nonoxygen elements the density, continuity, graphitization degree, thermal oxygen stability of carbon layer, so as to play the role of enhancing the carbon layer, forming an effective barrier for heat insulation and oxygen insulation, and play a ame retardant role. As a new member of carbon nanoparticle, carbon dots (CDs) is a kind of zero-dimensional material with carbon core as the skeleton, the particle size of less than 10 nm and rich in functional groups on the surface.…”

Solubility Determination and Data Correlation of a New Flame Retardant 3,9-Bis(phenyl(phenylamino)methyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro [5.5] undecane 3,9-dioxide in 12 Pure Solvents from 283.15 to 343.15 K

“…This seriously harms the environment and people’s health. In recent years, phosphorus-nitrogen-containing flame retardants have performed very well owing to their good properties such as low toxicity, high efficiency, and multifunctional flame retardancy. − This type of flame retardant can act in both the gas and condensed phases; it traps free radicals produced by combustion and promotes the formation of a protective carbon layer. Therefore, it is widely used in polymer materials, textile fibers, flame retardant coatings, and so on.…”