A LysM effector protein from the basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani contributes to virulence through suppression of chitin-triggered immunity

Dölfors, Fredrik; Holmquist, Louise; Dixelius, Christina; Tzelepis, Georgios

doi:10.1007/s00438-019-01573-9

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the RsSEPGs, AG1IA_00669 and AG1A_04819 were identified as genes encoding carbohydrate-binding domain-containing proteins. Given that they satisfy criteria for secretory effector, they may have specific virulence functions such as masking of microbe-associated molecular patterns as found in Lysin motifs (LysM)-domain containing proteins 50,51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of effector candidate genes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA expressed during infection in Brachypodium distachyon

Abdelsalam

Kouzai

Watanabe

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic phytopathogen belonging to basidiomycetes. It causes rice sheath blight which inflicts serious damage in rice production. The infection strategy of this pathogen remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that salicylic acid-induced immunity could block R. solani AG-1 IA infection in both rice and Brachypodium distachyon. R. solani may undergo biotrophic process using effector proteins to suppress host immunity before necrotrophic stage. To identify pathogen genes expressed at the early infection process, here we developed an inoculation method using B. distachyon which enables to sample an increased amount of semi-synchronous infection hyphae. Sixty-one R. solani secretory effector-like protein genes (RsSEPGs) were identified using in silico approach with the publicly available gene annotation of R. solani AG-1 IA genome and our RNA-sequencing results obtained from hyphae grown on agar medium. Expression of RsSEPGs was analyzed at 6, 10, 16, 24, and 32 h after inoculation by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and 52 genes could be detected at least on a single time point tested. Their expressions showed phase-specific patterns which were classified into 6 clusters. The 23 RsSEPGs in the cluster 1–3 and 29 RsSEPGs in the cluster 4–6 are expected to be involved in biotrophic and necrotrophic interactions, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of effector candidate genes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA expressed during infection in Brachypodium distachyon

Abdelsalam

Kouzai

Watanabe

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes disease in many crops, such as rice, wheat, corn, cotton, and soybean. It contains 14 anastomosis groups (AG1-AG13 and AGBI) (Dölfors et al, 2019). R. solani does not produce asexual spores and can survive in the soil in sclerotial form (Li et al, 2019), which is a major cause of R. solani infestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Novel Effector RsIA_NP8 in Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA That Induces Cell Death and Triggers Defense Responses in Non-Host Plants

et al. 2020

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Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA is a necrotrophic fungus that causes rice sheath blight, one of the most significant rice diseases in the world. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms and functions of effectors in R. solani AG1 IA. We performed functional studies on effectors in R. solani AG1 IA and found that, of 11 putative effectors tested, only RsIA_NP8 caused necrosis in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The predicted signal peptide of this protein was required to induce cell death, whereas predicted N-glycosylation sites were not required. RsIA_NP8 was upregulated during early infection, and the encoded protein was secreted. Furthermore, the ability of RsIA_NP8 to trigger cell death in N. benthamiana depended on suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1 (SGT1) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), but not on Mla12 resistance (RAR1) and somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3). A natural variation that prevents the triggering of cell death in N. benthamiana was found in RsIA_NP8 in 25 R. solani AG1 IA strains. It is important to note that RsIA_NP8 induced the immune response in N. benthamiana leaves. Collectively, these results show that RsIA_NP8 is a possible effector that plays a key role in R. solani AG1 IA-host interactions.

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“…These databases comprise, to date, more than 4000 proteins involved in pathogenicity, from more than 260 plant and animal pathogens; 70% of them being phytopathogens [19,20]. The search for protein effectors in the PHI base for the positive data set was done using the following criteria: length ≤400 amino acids [5,[21][22][23][24][25], ≥4 cysteine residues [26,27], presence of signal peptide and lack of transmembrane domains [1,27,28].…”

Section: Validation Of Effhunter Pipeline In Ab Initio Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

EffHunter: A Tool for Prediction of Effector Protein Candidates in Fungal Proteomic Databases

et al. 2020

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Pathogens are able to deliver small-secreted, cysteine-rich proteins into plant cells to enable infection. The computational prediction of effector proteins remains one of the most challenging areas in the study of plant fungi interactions. At present, there are several bioinformatic programs that can help in the identification of these proteins; however, in most cases, these programs are managed independently. Here, we present EffHunter, an easy and fast bioinformatics tool for the identification of effectors. This predictor was used to identify putative effectors in 88 proteomes using characteristics such as size, cysteine residue content, secretion signal and transmembrane domains.

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A LysM effector protein from the basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani contributes to virulence through suppression of chitin-triggered immunity

Cited by 55 publications

References 54 publications

Identification of effector candidate genes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA expressed during infection in Brachypodium distachyon

Identification of effector candidate genes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA expressed during infection in Brachypodium distachyon

Identification of the Novel Effector RsIA_NP8 in Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA That Induces Cell Death and Triggers Defense Responses in Non-Host Plants

EffHunter: A Tool for Prediction of Effector Protein Candidates in Fungal Proteomic Databases

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