A lung for all: Novel mechanical ventilator for emergency and low-resource settings

Zuckerberg, Jeremy; Shaik, Mohammed Ali; Widmeier, Keith; Kilbaugh, Todd J.; Nelin, Timothy D.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118113

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Based on these realities, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for guidance on developing new or repurposing non-ICU ventilators to treat COVID-19 ( U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2020a ). Support groups around the world rapidly responded by developing low-cost “homemade” mechanical ventilators for use in emergency surge crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic ( Albert et al, 2020 ; Blacker et al, 2020 ; Galbialta et al, 2020 ; Garmendia et al, 2020 ; King et al, 2020 ; Pearce, 2020 ; Zuckerberg et al, 2020 ; MIT Emergency Ventilator, 2020a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Performance Testing of a Fast-Assembly COVID-19 (FALCON) Emergency Ventilator in a Model of Normal and Low-Pulmonary Compliance Conditions

et al. 2021

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed an immense, unmet and international need for available ventilators. Both clinical and engineering groups around the globe have responded through the development of “homemade” or do-it-yourself (DIY) ventilators. Several designs have been prototyped, tested, and shared over the internet. However, many open source DIY ventilators require extensive familiarity with microcontroller programming and electronics assembly, which many healthcare providers may lack. In light of this, we designed and bench tested a low-cost, pressure-controlled mechanical ventilator that is “plug and play” by design, where no end-user microcontroller programming is required. This Fast-AssembLy COVID-Nineteen (FALCON) emergency prototype ventilator can be rapidly assembled and could be readily modified and improved upon to potentially provide a ventilatory option when no other is present, especially in low- and middle-income countries.HypothesisWe anticipated that a minimal component prototype ventilator could be easily assembled that could reproduce pressure/flow waveforms and tidal volumes similar to a hospital grade ventilator (Engström CarestationTM).Materials and MethodsWe benched-tested our prototype ventilator using an artificial test lung under 36 test conditions with varying respiratory rates, peak inspiratory pressures (PIP), positive end expiratory pressures (PEEP), and artificial lung compliances. Pressure and flow waveforms were recorded, and tidal volumes calculated with prototype ventilator performance compared to a hospital-grade ventilator (Engström CarestationTM) under identical test conditions.ResultsPressure and flow waveforms produced by the prototype ventilator were highly similar to the CarestationTM. The ventilator generated consistent PIP/PEEP, with tidal volume ranges similar to the CarestationTM. The FALCON prototype was tested continuously for a 5-day period without failure or significant changes in delivered PIP/PEEP.ConclusionThe FALCON prototype ventilator is an inexpensive and easily-assembled “plug and play” emergency ventilator design. The FALCON ventilator is currently a non-certified prototype that, following further appropriate validation and testing, might eventually be used as a life-saving emergency device in extraordinary circumstances when more sophisticated forms of ventilation are unavailable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Performance Testing of a Fast-Assembly COVID-19 (FALCON) Emergency Ventilator in a Model of Normal and Low-Pulmonary Compliance Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…The COVID-19 emergency has highlighted the need for research into EVs [27][28][29]. In general, there is a lack of peer-reviewed articles that describe the science and engineering of EV design and performance, and there is a need for new research into EV design, performance, and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the world in 2020 by spreading at unprecedented rates and causing tens of thousands of fatalities within a few months. The number of deaths dramatically increased in regions where the number of patients in need of hospital care exceeded the availability of care. Many COVID-19 patients experience Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a condition that can be treated with mechanical ventilation. In response to the need for mechanical ventilators, designed and tested an emergency ventilator (EV) that can control a patient’s peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and breathing rate, while keeping a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). This article describes the rapid design, prototyping, and testing of the EV. The development process was enabled by rapid design iterations using additive manufacturing (AM). In the initial design phase, iterations between design, AM, and testing enabled a working prototype within one week. The designs of the 16 different components of the ventilator were locked by additively manufacturing and testing a total of 283 parts having parametrically varied dimensions. In the second stage, AM was used to produce 75 functional prototypes to support engineering evaluation and animal testing. The devices were tested over more than two million cycles. We also developed an electronic monitoring system and with automatic alarm to provide for safe operation, along with training materials and user guides. The final designs are available online under a free license. The designs have been transferred to more than 70 organizations in 15 countries. This project demonstrates the potential for ultra-fast product design, engineering, and testing of medical devices needed for COVID-19 emergency response.

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“…EPUSP proposed two emergency mechanical ventilators based on BVM: Vent19 and Inspire. In addition to these BVM based mechanical ventilators, other types of air pressurization techniques were explored in the world (Majid et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020;Khan et al 2020;Castro-Camus et al 2020;Vasan et al 2020;Hidayat et al 2020;Zuckerberg et al 2020;Fang et al 2020). Some proposed emergency ventilator only requires compressed oxygen (King et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Ventilator VENT19

et al. 2021

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The SARS-CoV2 virus has spread world wide rapidly. Although a small fraction of the infected people need special care, this number is much greater than what the healthcare systems support. In the most severe cases, mechanical ventilation is crucial for patient recovery, but not available in the needed quantity. In Brazil, mechanical ventilators are mainly imported and at a high cost, increased by the pandemic and the economic crisis, and with high delivery delay, aggravated by the risk of infection of incoming ships, airplanes and external goods. In this sense, an emergency mechanical ventilator developed and produced in the country could save many lives due to the lack of mechanical ventilators. To address this issue, this paper describes the effort to develop such a device.

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A lung for all: Novel mechanical ventilator for emergency and low-resource settings

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Construction and Performance Testing of a Fast-Assembly COVID-19 (FALCON) Emergency Ventilator in a Model of Normal and Low-Pulmonary Compliance Conditions

Construction and Performance Testing of a Fast-Assembly COVID-19 (FALCON) Emergency Ventilator in a Model of Normal and Low-Pulmonary Compliance Conditions

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

Mechanical Ventilator VENT19

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