We present a narrowband survey with three adjacent filters for z = 2.8-2.9 Lyman Alpha Emitter (LAE) galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS), along with spectroscopic followup. With a complete sample of 96 LAE candidates in the narrowband NB466, we confirm a large-scale structure at z ∼ 2.8 hinted from previous spectroscopic surveys. Compared to the blank field detected with the other two narrowband filters NB470 and NB475, the LAE density excess in NB466 (900 arcmin 2 ) is ∼ 6.0 ± 0.8 times the standard deviation expected at z ∼ 2.8, assuming a linear bias of 2. The overdense large scale structure in NB466 can be decomposed into 4 protoclusters, whose overdensities (each within an equivalent comoving volume 15 3 Mpc 3 ) relative to the blank field (NB470+NB475) are in the range of 4.6 -6.6. These 4 protoclusters are expected to evolve into a Coma-like cluster (M ≥ 10 15 M ⊙ ) at z ∼ 0. In the meanwhile, we investigate the various properties of LAEs at z = 2.8-2.9 and their dependence on the environment. The average star-formation rates derived from Lyα, rest-frame UV and X-ray are ∼4, 10, and <16 M ⊙ /yr, respectively, implying a Lyα escape fraction of 25% fLyα ESC 40% and a UV continuum escape fraction of f
UV,cont ESC62% for LAEs at z ∼ 2.8. The Lyα photon density calculated from the integrated Lyα luminosity function in the overdense field (NB466) is ∼50% higher than that in the blank field (NB470+NB475), and more bright LAEs are found in the overdense field. The 3 brightest LAEs, including a quasar at z =2.81, are all detected in X-ray and in NB466. These three LAE-AGNs contribute an extra 20-30% Lyα photon density compared with that from other LAE galaxies. Furthermore, we find that LAEs in overdense regions have larger EW values, bluer U -B and V -R (∼ 2-3σ) colors compared with those in lower density regions, indicating that LAEs in overdense regions are younger and possible less dusty. We conclude that the structure at z ∼ 2.8 in the ECDFS field is a very significant and rare density peak similar to the SSA 22 protocluster, and narrowband imaging is an efficient method of detecting and studying such structures in the high-z universe.