A Lower Miocene pyroclastic-fall deposit from the Bükk Foreland Volcanic Area, Northern Hungary: Clues for an eastward-located source

Hencz, Mátyás; Bíró, Tamás; Cseri, Zoltán; Karátson, Dávid; Márton, Emő; Németh, Károly; Szakács, Alexandru; Pécskay, Zoltán; Kovàcs, István

doi:10.31577/geolcarp.72.1.3

Cited by 8 publications

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“…The ~ 17.2 Ma age is on the Ottnangian/Karpatian boundary of the Central Paratethys stratigraphy 25 and, at the same time, on the boundary of the C5D and C5C magnetic polarity zone. The eruption was soon followed by another explosive eruption of similar magnitude, the Mangó Ignimbrite 6 , 33 (17.055 ± 0.024 Ma based on ID-TIMS zircon U–Pb dating 16 ).…”

Section: Discussion: Timing Succession and Paleo-environmental Effect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, detailed field-based volcanology studies of ca. 150 outcrops in North Hungary has facilitated an improved pyroclastic stratigraphy basin-wide 32 , 33 , including a robust correlation of the Lower Rhyolite Tuff.…”

Section: Volcanic Stratigraphy Of the Eger-ipolytarnóc Eruption Const...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 ) both with up to 20 cm-large pumice clasts toward top. The lower and upper ignimbrite of the latter quarry were denoted earlier as the Lower Lower and Upper Lower Tuff Complex 6 , or Eger and Mangó ignimbrite unit 16 , 32 , 33 , respectively. The total thickness of these two large ignimbrites cannot be seen at any individual locality, but both can reach 80 m based on the geometry of the covered relief.…”

Section: Volcanic Stratigraphy Of the Eger-ipolytarnóc Eruption Const...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-magnitude (VEI ≥ 7) ‘wet’ explosive silicic eruption preserved a Lower Miocene habitat at the Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, North Hungary

Karátson

Bíró

Portnyagin

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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During Earth’s history, geosphere-biosphere interactions were often determined by momentary, catastrophic changes such as large explosive volcanic eruptions. The Miocene ignimbrite flare-up in the Pannonian Basin, which is located along a complex convergent plate boundary between Europe and Africa, provides a superb example of this interaction. In North Hungary, the famous Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, often referred to as “ancient Pompeii”, records a snapshot of rich Early Miocene life buried under thick ignimbrite cover. Here, we use a multi-technique approach to constrain the successive phases of a catastrophic silicic eruption (VEI ≥ 7) dated at 17.2 Ma. An event-scale reconstruction shows that the initial PDC phase was phreatomagmatic, affecting ≥ 1500 km2 and causing the destruction of an interfingering terrestrial–intertidal environment at Ipolytarnóc. This was followed by pumice fall, and finally the emplacement of up to 40 m-thick ignimbrite that completely buried the site. However, unlike the seemingly similar AD 79 Vesuvius eruption that buried Pompeii by hot pyroclastic density currents, the presence of fallen but uncharred tree trunks, branches, and intact leaves in the basal pyroclastic deposits at Ipolytarnóc as well as rock paleomagnetic properties indicate a low-temperature pyroclastic event, that superbly preserved the coastal habitat, including unique fossil tracks.

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Section: Discussion: Timing Succession and Paleo-environmental Effect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanic Stratigraphy Of the Eger-ipolytarnóc Eruption Const...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanic Stratigraphy Of the Eger-ipolytarnóc Eruption Const...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-magnitude (VEI ≥ 7) ‘wet’ explosive silicic eruption preserved a Lower Miocene habitat at the Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, North Hungary

Karátson

Bíró

Portnyagin

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The exact location of the eruption centres that produced the BVA pyroclastic succession is unknown for most units, as the vent areas are no longer detectable in the topography due to several millions of years of basin subsidence and sediment accumulation around the Bükk Mountains (Szakács, A. et al 1998). However, the assumed location of the eruption centre of the Mangó and Bogács ignimbrites, which are characterized by ex- tensive welded facies, thus, representing hindered erodibility, have been inferred based on multiple proxies: i) flow directions (i.e., direction of lateral shear during emplacement) (Szakács, A. et al 1998), ii) the lateral variations of basal fallout deposit thickness and iii) maximum grain-size of lithics (Hencz, M. et al 2021a).…”

Section: Lithofacies and Source Localities Of The Mangó And Bogács Ig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2012). However, the link between the topography and the proposed source localities of the ignimbrites (e.g., Szakács, A. et al 1998;Lukács, R. et al 2015;Hencz, M. et al 2021a) that influence the lateral variations in thickness and lithofacies of pyroclastic units has not been investigated in-depth. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to quantify the differences in the statistical distributions of the most obvious topographic parameters of the ignimbrites such as elevation a.s.l., slope, aspect, and topographic openness, in relation to their source localities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between ignimbrite lithofacies and topography in a foothill setting formed on Miocene pyroclastics – a case study from the Bükkalja, Northern Hungary

et al. 2022

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Units with extremely variable erodibility are typical in the succession of pyroclastic-dominated volcanic fields. Welded ignimbrites are usually resistant to erosion, thus, they often appear as positive landforms, i.e., mesas or tilted plateaus after millions of years of denudation. The Bükkalja Volcanic Area being part of the most extended foothill area of the North Hungarian Mountains, is composed predominantly of Miocene ignimbrites, where the frequency distributions of elevation a.s.l., slope, aspect, as well as topographic openness, were investigated using a 30 m resolution SRTM-based digital surface model at four sample areas located at different relative distances from the assumed source localities of the ignimbrites, showing both non-welded and welded facies. The degree of dissection was also examined along swath profiles. The topography of the sample area closest to the source localities is dominated by slabs of moderately dissected welded ignimbrites, gently dipping towards SE. Farther away from the source the topography is dominated by erosional valleys and ridges, resulting in a narrower typical elevation range, a higher proportion of pixels with greater than 5° slope, higher frequencies of NE and SW exposures, and more significant incision resulted in more frequent pixels with positive topographic openness less than 1.5 radians here. Higher thicknesses and emplacement temperatures of ignimbrites, often showing welded facies are more common closer to the source vent. Thus, the erosional pattern around calderas can be used to draw conclusions on the spatial extent of the most intense ignimbrite accumulation, i.e., the location of eruption centres even in highly eroded ignimbrite fields.

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The Miocene Western Balkan lithium-boron metallogenic zone

Šoštarić

Brenko²

2022

Miner Deposita

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A Lower Miocene pyroclastic-fall deposit from the Bükk Foreland Volcanic Area, Northern Hungary: Clues for an eastward-located source

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Large-magnitude (VEI ≥ 7) ‘wet’ explosive silicic eruption preserved a Lower Miocene habitat at the Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, North Hungary

Large-magnitude (VEI ≥ 7) ‘wet’ explosive silicic eruption preserved a Lower Miocene habitat at the Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, North Hungary

The relationship between ignimbrite lithofacies and topography in a foothill setting formed on Miocene pyroclastics – a case study from the Bükkalja, Northern Hungary

The Miocene Western Balkan lithium-boron metallogenic zone

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