A Low Temperature Dielectric Cell and the Permittivity of Hexagonal Ice to 2 K

Gough, S. R.

doi:10.1139/v72-483

Cited by 78 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(10) varies from to when the electrostatic potential of a particle varies from V to V for Pa tensile strength of the grain (assumed after Rickman 1998) and dielectric constant (Gough 1972). Thus the heterogeneous primary grains with radii lower than must undergo destruction into smaller secondary particles.…”

Section: The Influence Of the Strong Solar Wind On The Comet As A Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cometary outbursts - search of probable mechanisms - case of 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

Gronkowski

2002

Astron. Nachr.

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Section: The Influence Of the Strong Solar Wind On The Comet As A Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cometary outbursts - search of probable mechanisms - case of 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

Gronkowski

2002

Astron. Nachr.

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“…The value of the dielectric permittivity at frequencies high compared with all the dispersions hitherto considered has been deduced for polycrystalline ice by Gough (1972 ) from measurements at frequen cies up to 60 kHz with an isolated measurement at I MHz. With this frequency range he could make accurate measurements of Ero only at temperatures lower than about -400 C; he finds that the asymptotic value is given by Ero = 3.093 ± 0.003 + (0.72 ± 0.60) X 1O-4 T + (0.…”

Section: Theoretical Un De Rsta Nding Of Co N D Ucti Vity and Dielectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrical Properties of Snow and Ice

Glen

Paren

1975

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the electrica l properties of snow a nd ice that are of importance in remote sensing using e lectrical devices. After a review of th e observed la borato r y behaviour of ice sa mples and the microscopic t h eory which has been advanced to explain this, the data on tempera te a nd polar glacier ice are compared with the labora tory data. Temperate glacier ice is generally rath er simil a r to laboratory ice, but certain relax a tion processes found in the laboratory are absent from the glacier ice. Polar ice, on the other hand, is consid erably different in its di electric behaviour from " pure" laboratory ice, or temperate glacier ice; in many ways it more rese mbles doped la bo ratory ice, d espite its variable, som etim es low, impurity con tent. It a lso resembles in behaviour ice produced by freezing supercooled water. Th e e lec trical behaviour of snow, a nd the a ttempts to account for this in te rm , of the b~h av i o ur of the ice and air componen ts, and a lso of the water com ponent in wet snow, a re next discussed. Fina ll y the implica tions o f this work for radioecho sounding of ice, radar re fl ec ti vity from wet a nd dry hydrome teors, d evices for d e te rmining the water content of snow, a nd resistivity surveys of glaciers a re discussed. RESUME. L es proprietes electriqlles de la Ileige et de la glace.Cet articl e passe en revue les proprie tes electriques de la neige et de la glace qui son t importantes dans les method es d e te ledetection utilisant des procedes electriques. Apres une revue des comportements observes au la boratoire d 'echantillons d e glace et d es theories a I'ech ell e microscopique avancees pour les expliquer, on compa r e les resultats sur glaciers temperes et pola ires a ceux obtenus en la boratoire. La g lace de glacier tempere est generalement assez sembl a bl e a la glace d e labor a toire, mais certa ins processus d e relaxation observes e n laboratoire ne se produisent pas dans la glace d e glacier. Les glaciers polaires, a u contraire, ont un com portement dielectrique tres difleren t d e cel ui de la glace " pure" de labora toire ou de la glace d e glacier tempe re; dans bien des cas, il s se rapprochent plus d e la glace " dopee" e n laboraloire, ma lgre leur te neur va ri a bl e, e t parfois faible, en impuretes. Ils ressembl e n t a uss i a la glace produite par congelation d 'eau surfondue. L e comportement e lectrique d e la neige, e t les te nta ti ves pour en rendre comp te a partir d e celui des composan ts glace et a ir ainsi que du composant ea u dans la neige mouillee, son t ensui te discutes. Finalement, on aborde les implicatio ns d e ce travail pour les sondages de la glace par rad io-echo, la re fl ee ti v ite a u rada r d es h yd rometeores humides e l secs, les procedes d e determination d e la teneur en eau d e la n e ige, et les e tudes d es glaciers par rts istivite. ZUSAMM ENFASSUNG. Die elektrischen EigCllschaflen von Se/mee ulld Eis. Diese Arbeit gibt e in en Oberblick liber die ele ktrischen Eigenschaften ...

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“…The geometric capacitance of the stainless steel capacitor was determined by using the known dielectric permittivity, Ј, of ice Ih of 3.1Ϯ0.05 at 1-10 kHz measurement frequency and ambient pressure and low temperatures, as reported by Johari and co-workers. 25 ͑Johari and Whalley 26 had also found that for ice Ih, Ј at temperatures below 170 K at 10 kHz, was within 0.1% of the limiting high-frequency value of its dielectric permittivity ϱ and Gough 27 have shown that ϱ decreases from 3.16 at 253 K to 3.093 at 2 K.͒ Of further relevance to our study are the earlier findings 28 that an increase in pressure from ambient to 0.2 GPa reduces the contribution from orientation polarization as the relaxation peak shifts to lower frequencies, increases its optical refractive index, and decrease the contribution from the infrared polarizability. These changes had been determined by measuring the frequency of translational lattice vibrations of ice Ih as a function of both temperature and pressure by Johari et al 28 The net effect on Ј, which already approaches the value of ϱ , is thus expected to be less than 1%.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spontaneous transformation of water’s high-density amorph and a two-stage crystallization to ice VI at 1 GPa: A dielectric study

Andersson

Johari

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Dielectric relaxation spectra of a metastable crystal phase formed on implosive and exothermic transformation of pressure-amorphized hexagonal ice have been measured in situ at 0.97 GPa pressure over a range of temperature. The metastable phase showed no relaxation peak at 130 K and 0.97 GPa. When heated at a fixed pressure of 0.97 GPa, it began to transform at ϳ145 K exothermally to a phase whose relaxation rate and equilibrium dielectric permittivity increased. A second, but slower exothermic transformation also occurred at ϳ175 K. After keeping at 213 K, the relaxation rate and equilibrium permittivity reached the known values of these two quantities for ice VI. Thus the metastable phase transformed to ice VI in two stages. It is conjectured that the intermediate phase in this transformation could be ice XII. The rate of transformation is not determined by the reorientational relaxation rate of water molecules in the ices.

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A Low Temperature Dielectric Cell and the Permittivity of Hexagonal Ice to 2 K

Cited by 78 publications

References 16 publications

Cometary outbursts - search of probable mechanisms - case of 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

Cometary outbursts - search of probable mechanisms - case of 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

The Electrical Properties of Snow and Ice

Spontaneous transformation of water’s high-density amorph and a two-stage crystallization to ice VI at 1 GPa: A dielectric study

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