A Low-Profile Wideband Microstrip Antenna With Pattern Diversity Based on Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines

A PITD algorithm for analyzing composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line

“…In recent years, the composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) has gained considerable attention and has been widely used in microwave devices design, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] which is owning to the merit of low loss, broadband, simple structure, and so on. On the other hand, to analyze problems or design devices, numerical tools are usually required.…”

Efficient Design of Super-Directive Antenna Array using Schelkunoff Method and Genetic Algorithm

“…Low-cost and easily integrated microstrip antenna arrays are widely used in wireless communication devices [15] - [19] due to their tunable radiation pattern, polarization, impedance bandwidth and gain [20] - [23]. Several models exist in the literature to efficiently design microstrip antennas and arrays, such as the transmission-line model [24] - [27] and cavity model [28] - [36].…”

A low‐profile and broadband multibeam antenna based on modulated impedance metasurface

“…Then, with the development of microstrip technology, LWAs based on microstrip line 4,5 and substrate integrated waveguide 6,7 are developed for its characteristics of low‐profile and low‐cost. Thereafter, complex designs, such as impedance modulated microstrips 8,9 and composite right/left‐hand (CRLH) 10,11 transmission lines (TLs), are realized to scan beam both in forward and backward space. For example, by using CRLH‐TL, a LWA has been presented to obtain continuous frequencies beam scanning from $$-6{6}^{\circ }$$ to $$6{2}^{\circ }$$ in Yan et al 10 It also reports that beam scanning can be achieved at a fixed frequency by changing the bias voltage of loaded‐varactors in CRLH structure in Wang et al 12 and Wang et al, 13 respectively.…”

“…Thereafter, complex designs, such as impedance modulated microstrips 8,9 and composite right/left‐hand (CRLH) 10,11 transmission lines (TLs), are realized to scan beam both in forward and backward space. For example, by using CRLH‐TL, a LWA has been presented to obtain continuous frequencies beam scanning from $$-6{6}^{\circ }$$ to $$6{2}^{\circ }$$ in Yan et al 10 It also reports that beam scanning can be achieved at a fixed frequency by changing the bias voltage of loaded‐varactors in CRLH structure in Wang et al 12 and Wang et al, 13 respectively. However, those kinds of LWAs can only realize scanning beams in the elevation plane.…”