A low-power, high-sensitivity micromachined optical magnetometer

Mhaskar, Rahul; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John

doi:10.1063/1.4770361

Cited by 145 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Two distributed-feedback lasers (DFB) at a wavelength of 795 nm provide sufficient light to interrogate the atoms while eight diode lasers at 1.5 μm heat the vapor cells in all the sensor heads. To reach the desired atomic vapor density, the cells are heated to roughly 150 °C using absorptive filters attached to the windows of the cells similar to the method described previously [12]. Optical fiber splitters distribute the heating and probing lights from the lasers to the 25 sensors.…”

Section: Design Of the Imaging Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

et al. 2017

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A multichannel imaging system is presented, consisting of 25 microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers. The sensor probes have a footprint of less than 1 cm 2 and a sensitive volume of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm and connect to a control unit through optical fibers of length 5 m. Operating at very low ambient magnetic fields, the sensor array has an average magnetic sensitivity of 24 fT/Hz 1/2 , with a standard deviation of 5 fT/Hz 1/2 when the noise of each sensor is averaged between 10 and 50 Hz. Operating in Earth's magnetic field, the magnetometers have a field sensitivity around 5 pT/Hz 1/2 . The vacuum-packaged sensor heads are optically heated and consume on average 76 ± 7 mW of power each. The heating power is provided by an array of eight diode lasers. Magnetic field imaging of small probe coils was obtained with the sensor array and fits to the expected field pattern agree well with the measured data. 19887-19894 (2014). 24. S. J. Seltzer and M. V. Romalis, "Unshielded three-axis vector operation of a spin-exchange-relaxation-free atomic magnetometer," Appl.

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Section: Design Of the Imaging Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

et al. 2017

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“…The fabricated optical windows were smaller than 0.75 mm × 0.75 mm with a yield higher than 95%. Except for the wide applications in fabricating optical caps [80], anodic bonding was also used for building a vacuum tight vapor cell for optogalvanic spectroscopies [81], microlens arrays [82], 3D microlens scanners [83,84], microfluidic-based optical detection systems [85], micro-optical magnetometers [86], and micro-optical choppers for Raman spectroscopies [87]. Figure 8.…”

Section: Anodic Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Bonding for Silicon-Based Micro-Optical Systems

Howlader

Deen

2015

Photonics

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Abstract:Silicon-based integrated systems are actively pursued for sensing and imaging applications. A major challenge to realize highly sensitive systems is the integration of electronic, optical, mechanical and fluidic, all on a common platform. Further, the interface quality between the tiny optoelectronic structures and the substrate for alignment and coupling of the signals significantly impacts the system's performance. These systems also have to be low-cost, densely integrated and compatible with current and future mainstream technologies for electronic-photonic integration. To address these issues, proper selection of the fabrication, integration and assembly technologies is needed. In this paper, wafer level bonding with advanced features such as surface activation and passive alignment for vertical electrical interconnections are identified as candidate technologies to integrate different electronics, optical and photonic components. Surface activated bonding, superior to other assembly methods, enables low-temperature nanoscaled component integration with high alignment accuracy, low electrical loss and high transparency of the interface. These features are preferred for the hybrid integration of silicon-based micro-opto-electronic systems. In future, new materials and assembly technologies may emerge to enhance the performance of these micro systems and reduce their cost. The article is a detailed review of bonding techniques for electronic, optical and photonic components in silicon-based systems.

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“…The use of coherent light sources has facilitated improvement in the sensitivity of laboratory devices to aT level [1], competitive with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers [2]. Unlike SQUIDs, optically pumped magnetometers do not require cryogenic temperatures, making the technique well suited for the design of compact sensors [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped magnetometry in arbitrarily oriented magnetic fields

et al. 2017

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Abstract-Optically pumped atomic magnetometers (OPMs) offer highly sensitive magnetic measurements using compact hardware, offering new possibilities for practical precision sensors. Double-resonance OPM operation is well suited to unshielded magnetometry, due to high sensor dynamic range. However, sensor response is highly anisotropic with variation in the orientation of the magnetic field. We present data quantifying these effects and discuss implications for the design of practical sensors.

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A low-power, high-sensitivity micromachined optical magnetometer

Cited by 145 publications

References 22 publications

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

Low-Temperature Bonding for Silicon-Based Micro-Optical Systems

Optically pumped magnetometry in arbitrarily oriented magnetic fields

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