A low power current-reuse LC-VCO with an adaptive body-biasing technique

Azadmousavi, Tayebeh; Aghdam, Esmaeil Najafi

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.03.022

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The obtained tuning range for this condition is 26 per cent. The presented power dissipations are also much lower than some previously presented low-power ring and CMOS LC VCOs (Rastegar et al, 2018;Azadmousavi and Aghdam, 2018;Kumar, 2016;Ebrahimzadeh, 2011). The results in Figure 5 have rising behavior for the dissipation power when the control voltage increases especially when the control voltage is above 0.5 V. This is somehow expected because increasing the oscillation frequency would result in more switching dissipation power in the transistors.…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Proposed 3.5 µW CNTFET-MOSFET hybrid CSVCO for power-efficient gigahertz applications

Khorram

Kokabi

2020

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Purpose Several ultra-low power and gigahertz current-starved voltage-controlled oscillator (CSVCO) circuits have been proposed and compared here. The presented structures are based on the three-stage hybrid circuit of the carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) and low-power MOSFETs. The topologies exploit modified and compensated Schmitt trigger comparator parts to demonstrate better consumption power and frequency characteristics. The basic idea in the presented topologies is to compensate the Schmitt trigger comparator part of the basic CSVCO for achieving faster carrier mobility of the holes, reducing transistor leakage current and eliminating dummy transistors. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to propose and compare three different comparator-based VCOs that have been implemented using the CNTFETs. The considered circuits are shown to be capable of delivering the maximum 35 tuning frequency in the order of 1 GHz to 5 GHz. A major power thirsty part of the high-frequency ring VCOs is the Schmitt trigger stage. Here, several fast and low-power Schmitt trigger topologies are exploited to mitigate the dissipation power and enhance the oscillation frequency. Findings As a result of proposed modifications, more than one order of magnitude mitigation in the VCO power consumption with respect to the previously presented three-stage CSVCO is reported here. Thus, a VCO dissipation power of 3.5 µW at the frequency of 1.1 GHz and the tuning range of 26 per cent is observed for the well-established 32 nm technology and the supply voltage of 1 V. Such a low dissipation power is obtained around the operating frequency of the battery-powered cellular phones. In addition, using the p-carrier mobility compensation and enhancing the rise time of the Schmitt trigger part of the CSVCO, a maximum of 2.38 times higher oscillation frequency and 72 per cent wider tuning range with respect to Rahane and Kureshi (2017) are observed. Simultaneously, this topology exhibits an average of 20 per cent reduction in the power consumption. Originality/value Several new VCO topologies are presented here, and it is shown that they can significantly enhance the power dissipation of the GHz CSVCOs.

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Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Proposed 3.5 µW CNTFET-MOSFET hybrid CSVCO for power-efficient gigahertz applications

Khorram

Kokabi

2020

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“…We tried to compare typical narrow-band solutions of LC oscillators intended for high-frequency purposes with our design. The proposed solution seems to be slightly complex but the intended application bandwidths (kHz, MHz) do not allow us to implement the method used in the published solutions (see Table 2 and circuits in [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]). This is because of the values and physical realization of integrated inductors (unsuitable for low frequencies due to values in nH and also their implementation).…”

Section: Application Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electronic tunability of the oscillation frequency by the inductance value (as presented in our case) has not been tested in recently published works because it has certain limitations, especially at high frequencies (extensive active circuitries), but can be used without issues in kHz and MHz bands with significant advantages (wideband tuning). The wideband tunability of the frequency with almost constant output levels and low THD requires the implementation of a circuit for amplitude stabilization, which is standardly not used in LC oscillators (including the Colpitts type) because of their narrowband tunability [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Application Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Tunability and Cancellation of Serial Losses in Wire Coils

Šotner

Jeřábek

Polák

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This work presents a novel methodology to adjust the inductance of real coils (electronically) and to cancel out serial losses (up to tens or even hundreds of Ohms in practice) electronically. This is important in various fields of electromagnetic sensors (inductive sensors), energy harvesting, measurement and especially in the instrumentation of various devices. State-of-the-art methods do not solve the problem of cancellation of real serial resistance, which is the most important parasitic feature in low- and middle-frequency bands. In this case, the employment of serial negative resistance is not possible due to stability issues. To solve this issue, two solutions allowing the cancellation of serial resistance by the value of the passive element and an electronically adjustable parameter are introduced. The operational ranges are between 0.1 and 1 mH and 0.1 and 10 mH, valid in bandwidths from hundreds of Hz up to hundreds of kHz. The proposed concepts are experimentally tested in two applications: an electronically tunable oscillator of LC type and an electronically tunable band-pass RLC filter. The presented methodology offers significant improvements in the process of circuit design employing inductors and can be beneficially used for on-chip design, where serial resistance issues can be very significant.

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“…Presented in Azadmousavi and Aghdam, 8 the adaptive body‐biasing technique overcomes the effects of process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations such as decrease in the output voltage amplitude of the VCO. If the bulk of an NMOS is at a higher potential than source terminal, i.e., V B > V S , the threshold voltage at which the inversion layer takes place decreases and vice versa.…”

Section: System Overview and Circuit Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, an adaptive body‐biasing technique first presented in Azadmousavi and Aghdam 8 has been incorporated in injection‐locked current‐reuse VCO to design low‐voltage, low‐power ASK modulator for RFID tag. Due to the combined effect of three factors, i.e., current reuse, injection locking, and adaptive body biasing, a low‐phase noise low‐power VCO and consequently an ASK modulator are achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low‐power amplitude shift keying modulator based on adaptive body‐biased injection‐locked current‐reuse voltage controlled oscillator for high data rate radio frequency identification applications

Yasir

Cao

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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A low-power consuming amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulator designed in 130 nm CMOS technology and operating at 10.5 GHz frequency is presented in this work. The modulator is based on current-reuse voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) which uses the effects of adaptive body-biasing and injection locking (IL) to achieve low-phase noise and low-power operation. The VCO has a phase noise of À106 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The ASK modulator consumes 790 μW with a 1.1 V voltage supply and draws an average current of 719 μA. For applying the bulk-biasing signal, a deep n-well NMOS is used in the PMOS-NMOS oscillator pair which isolates the substrate and avoids the current path through it. The post-layout simulation results of the 0.5 Â 0.5 mm 2 modulator IC verify its low-power, low-phase noise operation. It is intended for use in self-powered active high data rate radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags.

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A low power current-reuse LC-VCO with an adaptive body-biasing technique

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Proposed 3.5 µW CNTFET-MOSFET hybrid CSVCO for power-efficient gigahertz applications

Proposed 3.5 µW CNTFET-MOSFET hybrid CSVCO for power-efficient gigahertz applications

Electronic Tunability and Cancellation of Serial Losses in Wire Coils

A low‐power amplitude shift keying modulator based on adaptive body‐biased injection‐locked current‐reuse voltage controlled oscillator for high data rate radio frequency identification applications

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