A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Facilitates Greater Weight Loss in Overweight Adults With High Insulin Secretion but Not in Overweight Adults With Low Insulin Secretion in the CALERIE Trial

Pittas, Anastassios G.; Das, Sai Krupa; Hajduk, Cheryl L.; Golden, Julie K.; Saltzman, Edward; Stark, Paul C.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Roberts, Susan B.

doi:10.2337/diacare.28.12.2939

Cited by 143 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Differential weight loss in response to diet composition in relation to insulin resistance status has been observed in 2 previous studies 10, 19. In those studies, insulin sensitivity was associated with more weight loss in response to a lower fat (versus lower carbohydrate) diet, and insulin resistance was associated with more weight loss in response to a lower carbohydrate (versus lower fat) diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Flatt

Natarajan

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundOptimal macronutrient distribution of weight loss diets has not been established. The distribution of energy from carbohydrate and fat has been observed to promote differential plasma lipid responses in previous weight loss studies, and insulin resistance status may interact with diet composition and affect weight loss and lipid responses.Methods and ResultsOverweight and obese women (n=245) were enrolled in a 1‐year behavioral weight loss intervention and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 study groups: a lower fat (20% energy), higher carbohydrate (65% energy) diet; a lower carbohydrate (45% energy), higher fat (35% energy) diet; or a walnut‐rich, higher fat (35% energy), lower carbohydrate (45% energy) diet. Blood samples and data available from 213 women at baseline and at 6 months were the focus of this analysis. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were quantified and compared between and within groups. Triglycerides decreased in all study arms at 6 months (P<0.05). The walnut‐rich diet increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol more than either the lower fat or lower carbohydrate diet (P<0.05). The walnut‐rich diet also reduced low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin‐sensitive women, whereas the lower fat diet reduced both total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin‐sensitive women (P<0.05). Insulin sensitivity and C‐reactive protein levels also improved.ConclusionsWeight loss was similar across the diet groups, although insulin‐sensitive women lost more weight with a lower fat, higher carbohydrate diet versus a higher fat, lower carbohydrate diet. The walnut‐rich, higher fat diet resulted in the most favorable changes in lipid levels.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01424007.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Flatt

Natarajan

et al. 2016

JAHA

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Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…9 This may also explain why other studies reported associations between dietary GI and body composition mainly among overweight and less insulin-sensitive persons. 8,9 Conversely, we had expected to find at least a tendency for a comparable relation between dietary GL and body composition, as dietary GL has recently been identified as the best indirect predictor of the postprandial insulin response. 36 However, although the main contribution to the insulin responses arises from carbohydrate-rich foods, Bao et al 36 reported dietary GL to explain only 46% of the observed variability in insulin responses, that is, foods with little or no carbohydrates and a higher protein and fat content make additional important contributions.…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…1 --4 However, similar associations have not been observed among healthy children and adolescents 5,6 or overweight Latino adolescents. 7 Intervention studies in overweight and obese adults suggest a specific efficacy of low-GI weight-loss diets 8,9 for persons with already increased insulin secretion levels. 9 Puberty is a so-called 'critical period' for overweight development, which is characterized by physiological insulin resistance and changes in levels of various hormones, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, growth hormones as well as sex steroids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Intervention studies in overweight and obese adults suggest a specific efficacy of low-GI weight-loss diets 8,9 for persons with already increased insulin secretion levels. 9 Puberty is a so-called 'critical period' for overweight development, which is characterized by physiological insulin resistance and changes in levels of various hormones, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, growth hormones as well as sex steroids. 10 In fact, IGF-1 levels rise steeply during puberty and peak before the end of puberty, whereas the development of the insulin sensitivity follows the reverse course.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective associations of dietary insulin demand, glycemic index, and glycemic load during puberty with body composition in young adulthood

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Puberty is a so-called critical period for overweight development and is characterized by physiological insulin resistance during mid-puberty. This study addressed the hypothesis that habitual consumption of a diet inducing higher levels of postprandial glycemia or insulinemia during puberty may have an unfavorable effect on the body composition in young adulthood. METHODS: Multivariate regression analysis was performed on 262 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study with at least two 3-day weighed dietary records during puberty (baseline: girls 9 --14 years; boys 10 --15 years) and anthropometric measurements in young adulthood (18 --25 years). A published dietary glycemic index was assigned to each carbohydrate-containing food. Similarly, each food was assigned a food insulin index (insulinemic response to a 1 MJ portion of food relative to 1 MJ of glucose) using 121 values measured at Sydney University. RESULTS: Dietary glycemic index or glycemic load during puberty was not related to body composition in young adulthood. In contrast, a higher dietary insulin index and a higher dietary insulin load during puberty were associated with higher levels of percentage of body fat (%BF) in young adulthood, even after adjustment for early life, socioeconomic and nutritional factors; %BF in energy-adjusted tertiles of dietary insulin index were 22.9 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 21.6, 24.1), 24.5 (23.2, 25.7), 24.7 (23.5, 25.9) %, P for trend ¼ 0.01; %BF in energy-adjusted tertiles of dietary insulin load were 22.8 (95% CI: 21.5, 24.0), 24.5 (23.2, 25.7), 24.8 (23.6, 26.0) %, P for trend ¼ 0.01. Adjustment for baseline %BF attenuated these relationships (P for trend ¼ 0.1 and ¼ 0.08, respectively). Dietary insulin demand was not related to body mass index. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a prospective adverse influence of dietary insulin demand during puberty on %BF in young adulthood. Postprandial increases in insulinemia rather than increases in glycemia appear to be implicated in an unfavorable development of body composition.

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Insulin Resistance Status

Cummings

Henes²,

Kolasa³

et al. 2008

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Facilitates Greater Weight Loss in Overweight Adults With High Insulin Secretion but Not in Overweight Adults With Low Insulin Secretion in the CALERIE Trial

Cited by 143 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Prospective associations of dietary insulin demand, glycemic index, and glycemic load during puberty with body composition in young adulthood

Insulin Resistance Status

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