A low glycaemic index breakfast cereal preferentially prevents children's cognitive performance from declining throughout the morning

Ingwersen, Jeanet; Defeyter, Margaret Anne; Kennedy, David O.; Wesnes, Keith; Scholey, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.06.009

Cited by 140 publications

(169 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the present study, usually also other food factors in addition to absorption rate differ, for example, energy intake and macro nutrient content, making it difficult to draw conclusions regarding solely effects of the glycaemic properties of the meal. [24][25][26] The differences in cognitive performance were observed in the later postprandial period. This finding is in concordance with our previous observations where we provided a glucose solution (glucose 50 g) to healthy volunteers through either a bolus or sipping regimen to simulate a high-GI or a low-GI breakfast, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Considering that insulin resistance appears to be a peripheral postprandial phenomenon, 17,19,24,29,30 it can be speculated that the improvement seen in the cognitive tests after the G-WWB may be a consequence of an acutely improved insulin sensitivity within the brain. In an animal model, there was a failure in insulin resistant and obese rats to enhance plasma membrane GLUT4 translocation in hippocampus, despite elevation in plasma glucose; and no changes were found in the density of insulin receptors and in total GLUT4.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects on cognitive performance of modulating the postprandial blood glucose profile at breakfast

2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Considering the importance of glucose as a brain substrate, the postprandial rate of glucose delivery to the blood could be expected to affect cognitive functions. The purpose was to evaluate to what extent the rate of glucose absorption affected measures of cognitive performance in the postprandial period. In addition, cognitive performance was evaluated in relation to individual glucoregulation. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A white wheat bread (WWB) enriched with guar gum (G-WWB) with the capacity to produce a low but sustained blood glucose net increment was developed. The G-WWB was evaluated in the postprandial period after breakfast with respect to effects on cognitive function (working memory and selective attention (SA)) in 40 healthy adults (49-71 years, body mass index 20-29 kg/m 2 ), using a high glycaemic index WWB for comparison in a randomised crossover design. RESULTS: The G-WWB improved outcome in the cognitive tests (SA test) in the later postprandial period (75-225 min) in comparison with the WWB (Po0.01). Subjects with better glucoregulation performed superior in cognitive tests compared with subjects with worse glucoregulation (Po0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Beneficial effects on cognitive performance were observed with the G-WWB in the late postprandial period. The positive effect is suggested to emanate from improved insulin sensitivity, possibly in a combination with an enhanced neural energy supply. The results highlight the importance of carbohydrate foods that induces a low but sustained blood glucose profile in enhancing postprandial cognitive functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Effects on cognitive performance of modulating the postprandial blood glucose profile at breakfast

2012

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“…A systematic review concluded that having breakfast is beneficial for cognitive function and development, especially in malnourished children. A lack of studies conducted into the optimal breakfast including type, composition and portion size exists but (Hoyland, 2009) carbohydrate rich, low-glycaemic food for breakfast that provides a continuous supply of glucose is known to facilitate better cognitive performance (Bellisle, 2004;Ingwersen et al, 2007;Micha et al, 2011).…”

Section: Breakfastmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

Nyaradi¹,

Li²,

Hickling³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

129

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This review examines the current evidence for a possible connection between nutritional intake (including micronutrients and whole diet) and neurocognitive development in childhood. Earlier studies which have investigated the association between nutrition and cognitive development have focused on individual micronutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, iron, iodine, and zinc, and single aspects of diet. The research evidence from observational studies suggests that micronutrients may play an important role in the cognitive development of children. However, the results of intervention trials utilizing single micronutrients are inconclusive. More generally, there is evidence that malnutrition can impair cognitive development, whilst breastfeeding appears to be beneficial for cognition. Eating breakfast is also beneficial for cognition. In contrast, there is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the association between obesity and cognition. Since individuals consume combinations of foods, more recently researchers have become interested in the cognitive impact of diet as a composite measure. Only a few studies to date have investigated the associations between dietary patterns and cognitive development. In future research, more well designed intervention trials are needed, with special consideration given to the interactive effects of nutrients.

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“…4 Postprandial glycaemic responses have also been related to some aspects of cognitive function in children. Ingwerson et al 5 showed less deterioration in cognitive performance in children 2 h after intake of a lower GI breakfast cereal. However, a metaanalysis by Hoyland et al 6 concluded that there is limited research comparing breakfast type on children's cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ingesting breakfast meals of different glycaemic load does not alter cognition and satiety in children

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:The effect of Glycaemic Index (GI) and Load (GL) of breakfasts on satiety and aspects of cognitive function in children is inconclusive. We aimed to assess if isocaloric breakfasts differing in GL (by replacing high-GI carbohydrate foods with dairy protein foods) acutely alter cognitive function and satiety in 10-to 12-year-old children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 39 children, aged 11.6±0.7 years with body mass index 18.9±3.0 kg/m 2 (Mean±s.e.) participated in a randomised crossover trial of three isocaloric breakfasts (1.3 MJ): high GL (HGL: 7 g protein, 9 g fat, 50 g carbohydrate, GL 33); medium GL (MGL: 14 g protein, 9 g fat, 45 g carbohydrate, GL 24) and low GL (LGL: 18 g protein, 10 g fat, 38 g carbohydrate, GL 18). Blood glucose was recorded using a continuous glucose monitor. Subjective hunger and cognitive performance were measured before and hourly after consuming the test breakfast via a computer-delivered battery. Ad libitum intake at a buffet lunch meal was measured at 3 h at the end of testing. RESULTS: Incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC) was significantly different with HGL4MGL4LGL (Po0.001). Glucose concentrations fell below baseline after 83±6 min for HGL, 63±5 min (MGL) and 67±5 min (LGL)(P ¼ 0.009). Breakfast GL did not significantly alter changes in cognitive function or self-reported satiety throughout testing. Energy intake at lunch was not significantly different between treatments (HGL 2943±168 kJ; MGL 2949±166 kJ; LGL 2993±191 kJ). CONCLUSIONS: Reducing breakfast GL by replacing carbohydrate with protein does not alter satiety or cognition over 3 h in 10-to 12-year-old children.

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A low glycaemic index breakfast cereal preferentially prevents children's cognitive performance from declining throughout the morning

Cited by 140 publications

References 14 publications

Effects on cognitive performance of modulating the postprandial blood glucose profile at breakfast

Effects on cognitive performance of modulating the postprandial blood glucose profile at breakfast

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

Ingesting breakfast meals of different glycaemic load does not alter cognition and satiety in children

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