A low‐fat diet and/or strenuous exercise alters the IGF axis in vivo and reduces prostate tumor cell growth in vitro

Abstract

A low-fat diet and/or intensive exercise results in change in serum hormones and growth factors in vivo that can reduce growth and induce apoptosis of LNCaP prostate tumor cells in vitro.

Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Functional Performance, Quality of Life, and Fatigue Benefits of Exercise for Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

“…Several studies show that physically active prostate cancer patients have significantly greater quality of life 33,34 , less fatigue 35 , lower PSA levels 36 and can delay initiating ADT two years longer than their less-active prostate cancer peers 37 . Physically active prostate cancer patients also have significantly lower serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), higher insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-1) and a lower risk of high grade disease (Gleason score 7 or greater) compared to less-active prostate cancer patients [38][39][40] . Exercise is relatively inexpensive compared to pharmacological and/or radiation approaches 1 and has a social aspect that is important for older adults 41,42 and those with cancer 43,44 .…”

Exercise therapy across the prostate cancer continuum

“…Serum from men who participated in a regular exercise program for more than 10 years had reduced IGF-I and increased IGFBP-1 compared to men who did not exercise regularly, and both of these alterations increased p53 protein content. 61,62 Furthermore, serum from men who exercised reduced the growth rate and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells in vitro significantly more than serum from a control group of men who did not exercise. 59,61,62 In addition to modulation through metabolic pathways, there are other molecular avenues, such as antioxidants and immune function, through which exercise could possibly exert an effect on PC biology.…”

“…61,62 Furthermore, serum from men who exercised reduced the growth rate and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells in vitro significantly more than serum from a control group of men who did not exercise. 59,61,62 In addition to modulation through metabolic pathways, there are other molecular avenues, such as antioxidants and immune function, through which exercise could possibly exert an effect on PC biology. Specifically, chronic exercise has been shown to modify endogenous antioxidant protection pathways by decreasing lipid peroxidation and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

“…Specifically, aerobic exercise lowers serum levels of several metabolic and sex steroid hormones hypothesized to stimulate PC, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fasting insulin, leptin and testosterone. [59][60][61][62][63] Chronic exercise is a potent stimulator of endogenous antioxidant protection pathways. [64][65][66][67] Exercise may also improve innate immune function and surveillance.…”

“…However, observational studies have been performed to provide some initial insight into the molecular mechanisms through which exercise may affect PC biology. For example, Leung et al 61,62 found that exercise may inhibit PC cells by altering components of the IGF axis that increase cellular p53 protein content. The protein p53 is a regulator of DNA that protects the genome by activating cell-cycle arrest, triggering DNA repair and/or initiating apoptosis when mutations occur in the genome.…”