A low-energy-dense dietary pattern: a narrative review

Burns, Kaelyn F; Robson, Shannon M.; Raynor, Hollie A.

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuac037

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The inclusion criteria of the genotyping accuracy, missing genotype call rate, and heterozygosity were ≥98%, <4%, and <30%, respectively, and the data showed no gender bias. The genetic variants that were included satisfied the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at p > 0.05 and minor allele frequency (MAF) at >1% [ 21 ]. Manhattan and quantile–quantile (Q-Q) plots indicated the accuracy of GWAS data using the Fastman library in the R program [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genetic variants that were included satisfied the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at p > 0.05 and minor allele frequency (MAF) at >1% [ 21 ]. Manhattan and quantile–quantile (Q-Q) plots indicated the accuracy of GWAS data using the Fastman library in the R program [ 21 ]. A Manhattan plot of genetic variants was displayed with the negative logarithms of the association of p -values for high body fat mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Plant-Based and High-Protein Diets with a Lower Obesity Risk Defined by Fat Mass in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons with a High Genetic Risk of Obesity

Daily¹,

Park

2023

Nutrients

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Obesity has become a severe public health challenge globally. The present study aimed to identify separate and interactive dietary, genetic, and other factors that increase the risk of obesity as measured by body fat (BF) mass. We utilized a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with high fat mass (obesity; n = 10,502) and combined them to generate polygenic risk scores (PRS) of genetic variants interacting with each other in adults aged over 40 while excluding body-fat-related diseases in a city-hospital-based cohort (n = 53,828). It was validated in Ansan/Ansung plus rural cohorts (n = 13,007). We then evaluated dietary and lifestyle factors in subjects to assess what factors might help overcome a genetic propensity for higher BF. The three-SNP model included brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)_rs6265, fat-mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO)_rs1421085, and SEC16B_rs509325. The genes with the minor alleles of ADCY3_rs6545790 and BAIAP2_rs35867081 increased their gene expression in the visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes, but their gene expression decreased in the hypothalamus in eQTL analysis. In the three-SNP model, the PRS was associated with BF mass by 1.408 and 1.396 times after adjusting covariates 1 (age, gender, survey year, residence area, education, and income) and 2 (covariates in model 1 plus energy intake, alcohol intake, regular exercise, and smoking status), respectively. However, when separating subjects by PRS of the three-SNP model, a plant-based diet was the most significant factor associated with low BF, followed by high-protein diets and lower energy intakes. They could offset the effects of high genetic risk for high BF. In conclusion, modulating nutrient intakes might overcome a high genetic risk for obesity. Dietary choices favoring more plant-based and higher-protein foods might help prevent increased BF in Asians and potentially people of other ethnicities with high polygenetic risk scores.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Plant-Based and High-Protein Diets with a Lower Obesity Risk Defined by Fat Mass in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons with a High Genetic Risk of Obesity

Daily¹,

Park

2023

Nutrients

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Dietary Energy Density from Infancy to 5 Years: Results from NHANES 2009–2018

Kopetsky

Burns

Davey

et al. 2022

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Nutrient-dense foods, which are often low in energy density, are recommended for a healthy diet in infants’ and children. Understanding how energy density (ED) changes during the transition from a complementary diet in infancy to a conventional diet is unknown. Objective To describe the ED, amount of energy (e.g., kilocalories) per weight (e.g., grams), of food or beverage) in infants’ and preschool-aged children. It was hypothesized that ED would be higher among older children. Methods The ED of food (ED-Food Only) and of food and all beverages excluding human milk and infant formula (ED-Food and Beverages) of children's (6 months–5 years) diets were examined overall and by age subgroups using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2018). Survey adjusted linear regression followed by pairwise comparisons were used to compare ED across age subgroups. The percent of calories consumed from low-, medium-, and high-ED foods across age subgroups were also examined. Results Mean ED-Food Only was 1.21 kcal/g (95% CI:1.13, 1.29 kcal/g) among 6-11-month-olds and 1.62 kcal/g (95% CI: 1.54, 1.69 kcal/g) among 12-17-month-olds (p<0.05). ED-Food and Beverages was higher across consecutive age subgroups from 0.99 kcal/g (95% CI: 0.96, 1.02 kcal/g) in 12-17 months through 3 years (1.22 kcal/g [95% CI: 1.19, 1.26 kcal/g]; p<0.05). Mean percent of calories consumed from low-ED food (≤1.0 kcal/g) became lower with age from 6–11-month-olds (47.3% [95% CI: 44.3, 50.4%]) through 18–23-month-olds (16.2% [95% CI: 14.5, 17.9%]; p<0.05). A greater percent of calories was consumed from high-ED food (≥3.0 kcal/g) among 18-23-month-olds (39.0% [95% CI: 37.1, 40.9%]) compared to 12-17-month-olds (34.0% [95% CI: 32.0, 35.9%], p<0.05). Conclusions ED increased across age subgroups, driven by a decrease in the percent of calories consumed from low-ED food and an increase in the percent of calories consumed from high-ED food.

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Plant-based and high protein diets are associated with a lower risk of obesity among Koreans at a high genetic risk of obesity.

Daily¹,

Park

2022

Preprint

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Background/Objectives: Obesity has become a severe public health challenge globally. The present study aimed to identify separate and interactive dietary, genetic, and other factors that increase the risk of obesity, as measured by body fat mass. Subjects/Methods: We utilized a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with high-fat mass(obesity; n=10,502) and combined them to generate polygenic risk scores(PRS) of genetic variants interacting with each other in adults aged over 40(n=58,701). We then evaluated dietary and lifestyle factors in subjects to assess what factors might help overcome a genetic propensity for higher body fat. Results: The three-SNP model included brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)_rs6265, fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)_rs1421085, and SEC16B_rs509325. ADCY3_rs6545790 and BAIAP2_rs35867081 minor alleles increased their gene expression in the visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes, but ADCY3_rs6545790 and BAIAP2_rs35867081 minor alleles decreased their gene expression in the hypothalamus. In the three-SNP model, the PRS was associated with body fat mass by 1.408 and 1.396 times after adjusting covariates 1 and 2, respectively. However, when separating subjects by PRS of the three-SNP model, a plant-based diet was the most significant factor associated with low body fat, followed by high protein diets and lower energy intakes. They could offset the effects of high genetic risk for high body fat. Conclusions: Modulating nutrient intakes might overcome a high genetic risk for obesity. Dietary choices favoring more plant-based and higher protein foods might help prevent increased body fat in Asians and potentially people of other ethnicities with high polygenetic risk scores.

show abstract

A low-energy-dense dietary pattern: a narrative review

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Association of Plant-Based and High-Protein Diets with a Lower Obesity Risk Defined by Fat Mass in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons with a High Genetic Risk of Obesity

Association of Plant-Based and High-Protein Diets with a Lower Obesity Risk Defined by Fat Mass in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons with a High Genetic Risk of Obesity

Dietary Energy Density from Infancy to 5 Years: Results from NHANES 2009–2018

Plant-based and high protein diets are associated with a lower risk of obesity among Koreans at a high genetic risk of obesity.

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