A low energy cyclotron for radiocarbon dating

Development of Radiocarbon Dating in China Over the Past 50 Years

“…After the re-introduction of the cyclotron AMS in 1977, a small cyclotron by the name "Cyclotrino" with a uniform magnet was initiated by the R A Muller group at Berkeley. Unfortunately, the Cyclotrino, after having been explored for 2 versions (Bertsch 1987;Friedman 1987;Welch 1987), failed to achieve acceptable 14 C counting. It was said that the Cyclotrino had been moved to another laboratory of Berkeley for its third version, called CMS with a uniform permanent magnet (Young et al 1993), on which no further report was seen.…”

Ion motion in a small low energy cyclotron

“…In such a design the electric fields may be driven at the cyclotron frequency or at any odd harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. Harmonic operation will improve the resolution of a cyclotron used as a mass spectrometer, since mass resolution is roughly proportional to the product of the number of turns and the harmonic [ 4,6].…”

“…A small cyclotron (the "cyclotrino") was built at Berkeley to test these concepts [4][5][6][7]. This cyclotron incorporated a miniature Cs sputter negative ion source at the center of the cyclotron, injecting negatively-charged carbon ions at about 3 keV.…”

Detection of radiocarbon in the cyclotrino

“…Design of this cyclotron is essentially the same as that described previously by our group (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). A beam of carbon ions is introduced into the cyclotron.…”

“…A small cyclotron (the "cyclotrino") was built at Berkeley to test these concepts [4][5][6][7]. This cyclotron incorporated a miniature Cs sputter negative ion source at the center of the cyclotron, injecting negatively-charged carbon ions at about 3 ke V. Extraction energy was about 40keV at about a 10.5 em radius.…”