A low-cost rechargeable aluminum/natural graphite battery utilizing urea-based ionic liquid analog

Ng, Kok Long; Malik, Monu; Buch, Elizaveta; Glossmann, Tobias; Hintennach, Andreas; Azimi, Gisele

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135031

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…and AlCl 4 − anions, accordingly. [108] Similar findings have also been reported for other AlCl 3 -amide DESs. [110] Thereby, electrodeposition/stripping reactions of aluminum in AlCl 3 -urea DESs can be described similar to RTILs…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

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The Pitfalls in Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Al‐Ion and Al Dual‐Ion Batteries

Kravchyk

Kovalenko

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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The quest for cost‐effective and TWh‐scale stationary energy storage systems has caused a surge of research on novel post‐Li‐ion batteries that consist solely of abundant chemical elements. Nonaqueous Al batteries, inter alia, are appealing as an inexpensive electrochemical technology owing to the high natural abundance of aluminum. A critical assessment of the literature on Al batteries, however, points to numerous misconceptions in this field. The latter is primarily linked to the false assessment of the charge storage redox reactions occurring upon cycling of Al batteries. To ensure the constructive progress of Al batteries, in this essay, the current scientific understanding of the operational mechanisms of two commonly studied Al battery systems, Al‐ion and Al dual‐ion batteries are summarized. Furthermore, the main pitfalls in interpretation and reporting of the electrochemical performance of Al cathode materials and cell‐level energy densities of Al batteries are clarified along with core challenges currently limiting their development. Toward this end, the subject of the charge storage balancing of Al dual‐ion batteries is discussed.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Comprehensive studies of DESs using NMR [105][106][107] and Raman [105,[107][108][109] spectroscopies revealed that Al 2 Cl 7…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pitfalls in Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Al‐Ion and Al Dual‐Ion Batteries

Kravchyk

Kovalenko

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…1.5:1 22 . Importantly, as revealed by Ng et al 27 , Al electroplating takes place only in the acidic melts (AlCl 3 /urea > 1.1). Similar observations have also been reported in other AlCl 3 -amide systems 69 .…”

Section: Deep Eutectic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Dai's ADIB showed a high reversibility over thousands of cycles and graphite cathodic capacities of up to 67 mAh g -1 . Those first publications have initiated the exploration of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as Al electrolytes for ADIBs by Dai et al 22,23 , Jiao et al [24][25][26] , and others [27][28][29][30][31] . A schematic illustration of the different classes of Al electrolytes presently used in ADIBs is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Historical Aspects Of the Development Of Al Electrolytes Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comprehensive characterization of DESs by both Raman 22,24,27,68 and NMR 22,23,68 spectroscopies have revealed that only AlCl 4 − are present in the AlCl 3 -urea DESs at an AlCl 3 / urea ratio of 1.0 (neutral). However, as the acidity of the melt increases through the addition of AlCl 3 , the concentration of the Al 2 Cl 7 − species gradually increases when compared to the concentration of the AlCl 4 − species (Fig.…”

Section: Deep Eutectic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aluminum electrolytes for Al dual-ion batteries

Kravchyk

Kovalenko

2020

Commun Chem

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In the search for sustainable energy storage systems, aluminum dual-ion batteries have recently attracted considerable attention due to their low cost, safety, high energy density (up to 70 kWh kg −1), energy efficiency (80-90%) and long cycling life (thousands of cycles and potentially more), which are needed attributes for grid-level stationary energy storage. Overall, such batteries are composed of aluminum foil as the anode and various types of carbonaceous and organic substances as the cathode, which are immersed in an aluminum electrolyte that supports efficient and dendrite-free aluminum electroplating/stripping upon cycling. Here, we review current research pursuits and present the limitations of aluminum electrolytes for aluminum dual-ion batteries. Particular emphasis is given to the aluminum plating/stripping mechanism in aluminum electrolytes, and its contribution to the total charge storage electrolyte capacity. To this end, we survey the prospects of these stationary storage systems, emphasizing the practical hurdles of aluminum electrolytes that remain to be addressed. T he integration of intermittent renewables into the grid is directly linked to the deployment of stationary energy storage systems at the terawatt scale, enabling grid stabilization. From this perspective, in addition to conventional energy storage means, such as pumpedstorage hydroelectricity (PSH), stationary batteries will be of significant importance 1. Loosely speaking, the assessment of the battery technologies for stationary storage applications can be made by comparing their capital cost (¢ kW −1 h −1 cycle −1) to that of PSH, which is presently the predominant stationary storage system. Consequently, stationary batteries should possess an exceptional cycling stability (thousands of cycles), environmental friendliness, low CO 2 footprint, and low cost. In this framework, the exploration of batteries composed of Na 2,3 , K 4 , Mg 5,6 , and Al 7-9 as earth-abundant metals has become a primary research target in recent years. Notably, batteries that employ Al metal as an anode can harness numerous advantages, such as a high charge storage capacity of 2977 mAh g −1 of Al, its natural abundance, and safety 10-15. Furthermore, Al can be reversibly deposited and stripped in chloroaluminate ionic liquids with a high coulombic efficiency and without the formation of dendrites 16,17. In this context, a new electrochemical concept called the aluminum dual-ion battery (ADIB) has recently attracted significant attention. ADIBs have a high potential for grid-scale energy storage applications

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A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Manthiram

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Nonaqueous conversion-reaction sulfur chemistry has been attracting increasing attention over the past decade for the development of nextgeneration lithium-based batteries. Li-S batteries are currently approaching a nexus stage from lab-scale experiments to possible pragmatic applications. Inspired by the success of Li-S chemistry, other metal-sulfur batteries with a variety of metallic anodes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum, have also started to attract attention. In comparison to lithium, Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca are naturally more abundant and affordable.

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A low-cost rechargeable aluminum/natural graphite battery utilizing urea-based ionic liquid analog

Cited by 41 publications

References 65 publications

The Pitfalls in Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Al‐Ion and Al Dual‐Ion Batteries

The Pitfalls in Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Al‐Ion and Al Dual‐Ion Batteries

Aluminum electrolytes for Al dual-ion batteries

A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries

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