A Low-Cost Inkjet-Printed Paper-Based Potentiostat †

Abstract

Featured Application: An electrochemical reader developed with the aim to create a low-cost disposable, maintenance-free and user-friendly point-of-need sensing system. Abstract:The work presented details the manufacturing of a low-cost hybrid inkjet-printed paper-based potentiostat, with the aim of creating a low-cost sensing system for rapid water quality monitoring. Potentiostats exhibit high sensitivities and can be used for a variety of applications. The results highlight the functionality of a paper-based potentiostat compared to a potentiostat manufactured on a printed circuit board (PCB), an LMP91000EVM development board and a laboratory-based Metrohm Autolab potentiostat. Cyclic voltammetry was performed using an 80 µL sample of 5 mM ferri-ferrocyanide dropped onto a commercial screen-printed electrode from DropSens. The miniaturized paper-based potentiostat is small enough to be stored in a wallet and therefore easy to transport. Furthermore, a cost analysis shows that the potentiostat is 10 times lower in cost than the commercially available handheld potentiostat, taking the costs of man hours into account. This technology enables electrochemistry experiments to be performed on-site using the portable, disposable and low-cost solution and can be applied to a variety of fields including healthcare, wearables and environmental monitoring.

Printed Smart Devices on Cellulose-Based Materials by means of Aerosol-Jet Printing and Photonic Curing

“…Paper electronics is emerging owing to the possibility to realize circuits and electrical components avoiding conventional techniques [11][12][13][14] but presenting limitations in the realization of complex devices which can be produced only considering multilayer steps, thus lengthening the manufacturing process [1]. These limitations are usually related to the technologies employed in the realization of such devices, like screen-printing or inkjet printing, which allow only planar printings [11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Another alternative can be the so-called 3D-origami technique, consists of a specific paper folding to develop a final electro-device [23,24].…”

KickStat: A Coin-Sized Potentiostat for High-Resolution Electrochemical Analysis

“…Such aptamer-based biosensors require pulse voltammetry techniques like square wave voltammetry (SWV) [13] to obtain the necessary sensitivity to accurately quantify the signal produced by the aptamer upon binding to the analyte. 2 of 12 Due to the growing popularity of electrochemical biosensors, numerous in-house potentiostats have been presented in the literature [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Such designs aim to decrease the cost and increase the accessibility of potentiostats with the goal of democratizing scientific research or to miniaturize electrochemistry hardware for use in at-home or portable diagnostic devices.…”

“…The LMP91000's integrated features allow for basic electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) used in lactate and glucose sensors, but lack sufficient voltage reference generators to perform more complex voltammetric techniques like SWV and normal pulsed voltammetry (NPV). Some designs have leveraged the LMP91000 [7,14,[22][23][24][25][26]31,32], but have limited voltage reference generators and limited, if any, on-chip signal-processing capabilities.…”

Electrochemical detection of oxacillin resistance with SimpleStat: a low cost integrated potentiostat and sensor platform

“…Several others have taken inspiration from these studies, including the development of an instrument based upon a programmable circuit on a chip 14 and a wireless electrochemical platform for use with a smartphone 15 . Two separate studies also explore the use of the Texas Instruments LMP91000 potentiostat chip, which could be used to reduce circuit complexity 16,17 . Instruments have also been produced with simplified circuits, such as the SIMS integrated electronic system, incorporating organic and silicon electronics for simplified electrochemical measurements 18 .…”