A Low-Compliance Bi-Directional Cyclic Simple Shear Apparatus

Boulanger, RW; Chan, C-Y; Seed, H. Bolton; Seed, RB; Sousa, J. Almeida e

doi:10.1520/gtj10265j

Cited by 59 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Over the last few decades, many efforts have been focused on the laboratory testing using a bidirectional simple shear apparatus (Jaime, 1975.;Casagrande andRendon, 1978. andIshihara andYamazaki, 1980;Boulanger et al, 1993;DeGroot et al, 1993;Rutherford, 2012). Unfortunately, only few apparatuses can successfully control the boundary condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limited number of NGI-type bidirectional simple shear apparatuses have been used to investigate the effect of consolidation shear stress (static driving shear stress) on the undrained shear behavior (Boulanger et al, 1993;DeGroot et al, 1993;Biscontin, 2001;Kammerer, 2002;Rutherford, 2012). In these studies, the static driving shear stress is introduced to duplicate the stress state of the soil under a slope or foundation, and its magnitude depends on the inclination of a slope or structure weight respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principal Stress Rotation under Bidirectional Simple Shear Loadings

Yang

et al. 2017

KSCE J Civ Eng

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Previous researches have indicated the non-coaxiality of sand in unidirectional simple shear tests, in which the direction of the principal axes of stresses does not coincide with the corresponding principal axes of strain rate tensors. Due to the limitation of apparatus that most of testing facilities can only add shear stress in one direction, the influence of stress history on the noncoaxiality of sand is not fully considered in previous tests. In this study, the effect of stress history on the non-coaxiality of sand is systematically studied by using the first commercially available Variable Direction Dynamic Cyclic Simple Shear system (VDDCSS). Samples of Leighton Buzzard sand (Fraction B) are first consolidated under a vertical confining stress and consolidation shear stress, and then sheared by a drained monotonic shear stress. Angle ( ) between the consolidation shear stress and the drained monotonic shear stress is varied from 0 to 180 , with an interval of 30 . The change of principal axes of stresses is predicted by well-established equations, and the principal axe of strain rate is calculated using recorded data. Results show that the level of non-coaxiality is increased by the increasing , especially at the initial stage of drained shearing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal Stress Rotation under Bidirectional Simple Shear Loadings

Yang

et al. 2017

KSCE J Civ Eng

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“…Despite many critical views put forward by the previous researchers, advancements have been made to the direct simple shear device by many practitioners. The introduction of servo controlled cyclic loading, cell pressure, and bidirectional shear loading made the direct simple shear apparatus ever more popular in modeling liquefaction behaviors [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Although nonuniform stress distributions were existed within the simple shear specimen, the significance of the simple shear apparatus in geotechnical engineering was convinced by the previous researchers [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Strain Behaviors and Stress State Interpretation of Soil Under Direct Simple Shear

Kang

Cheng

2015

Journal of Testing and Evaluation

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Radial strain behaviors and stress state interpretation methods of silica sand consolidated at different K 0 values under modified direct simple shear were investigated in this research. Consolidated drained triaxial compression test, direct shear box test, and wire reinforced direct simple shear tests were conducted and the test results were compared and linked with the modified direct simple shear tests. Based on the observed testing data, simple shear specimens with constant lateral stress exhibited relative small radial strain during shear, especially under small shear strains. After the peak shear resistance has mobilized, radial strain increased rigorously until the specimen failed. Confining pressure and K 0 values were found to have great deal of influence on the simple shear radial change. Two different methods were adopted to interpret the stress conditions within the simple shear specimen and the "pure shear" method was found more appropriate in interpreting the stress state in the modified direct simple shear test.

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“…Soil liquefaction is more pronounced in loosely packed deposits owing to the contractive soil behavior during cyclic shear loading. The direct simple shear test has been widely used in geotechnical engineering to mimic field-loading conditions, especially when the principal stresses are rotated during the shearing process [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thawing and Stress Restoration Method for Artificial Frozen Sandy Soils Using Sensors

Kim

Lee

Arnold

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Undisturbed frozen samples can be efficiently obtained using the artificial ground freezing method. Thereafter, the restoration of in situ conditions, such as stress and density after thawing, is critical for laboratory testing. This study aims to experimentally explore the effects of thawing and the in situ stress restoration process on the geomechanical properties of sandy soils. Specimens were prepared at a relative density of 60% and frozen at −20 °C under the vertical stress of 100 kPa. After freezing, the specimens placed in the triaxial cell underwent thawing and consolidation phases with various drainage and confining stress conditions, followed by the shear phase. The elastic wave signals and axial deformation were measured during the entire protocol; the shear strength was evaluated from the triaxial compression test. Monotonic and cyclic simple shear tests were conducted to determine the packing density effect on liquefaction resistance. The results show that axial deformation, stiffness, and strength are minimized for a specimen undergoing drained thawing, restoring the initial stress during the consolidation phase, and that denser specimens are less susceptible to liquefaction. Results highlight that the thawing and stress restoration process should be considered to prevent the overestimation of stiffness, strength, and liquefaction resistance of sandy soils.

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A Low-Compliance Bi-Directional Cyclic Simple Shear Apparatus

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Principal Stress Rotation under Bidirectional Simple Shear Loadings

Principal Stress Rotation under Bidirectional Simple Shear Loadings

Radial Strain Behaviors and Stress State Interpretation of Soil Under Direct Simple Shear

Evaluation of Thawing and Stress Restoration Method for Artificial Frozen Sandy Soils Using Sensors

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