A low altitude trapped proton model for solar minimum conditions based on SAMPEX/PET data

Heynderickx, D.; Kruglanski, M.; Pierrard, V.; Lemaire, J.; Looper, M. D.; Blake, J. B.

doi:10.1109/23.819110

Cited by 90 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Besides, the value of the trapped proton flux at L∼1.2 (Leonov et al, 2005) is varied with equator pitch-angle more than an order of magnitude near the loss cone. It could be seen from the SAMPEX PSB97 (Heynderickx et al, 1999) model data fluxes at L=1.2 for the equator pitch angle values 64 • and 66 • , which are also shown in Fig. 10b.…”

Section: Measurements Of Geomagnetically Trapped Hydrogen and Helium mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The inputs for most of these simulations were the MSISE atmospheric model and the AP8 proton flux model. On the other hand, the recent missions SAM-PEX (Heynderickx et al, 1999), TIROS (Xapsos et al, 2002) and Oersted seemed to indicate that the flux of energetic protons is underestimated by AP8 by up to an order of magnitude. For altitudes below 1000 km, fluxes are significantly higher and energy spectra are significantly harder than those predicted by the AP8 model (Xapsos et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The flux of energetic light ions at low altitude is both an important input and output for self-consistent calculations of albedo particles resulting from the interaction of trapped and cosmic ray particles, with the upper atmosphere. In addition, data on the flux of light ions are needed to evaluate radiation damages on space-borne instruments and on space mission crews. In spite of that, sources of data on the flux of energetic ions at LEO are roughly limited to the AP-8 model, CREME/CREME96 codes and the SAMPEX, NOAA/TIROS satellites. The existing and operational European SAC-C/ICARE and PROBA-1/SREM instruments could also be potential sources for proton data at LEO. Although AP-8 and SAMPEX/PSB97 may be publicly accessed through the SPENVIS, they exhibit an order of magnitude difference in low altitude proton fluxes and they do not contain helium fluxes. Therefore, improved light ion radiation models are still needed.In this paper we present a procedure to identify and measure the energy of ions that are not stopped in the NINA-2 instrument. Moreover, problems related to particles that cross the instrument in the opposite direction are addressed and shown to be a possible cause of particle misidentification. Measuring fluxes of low abundance elements like energetic helium ions requires a good characterisation of all possible sources of backgrounds in the detector. Hints to determine the several contributions to the background are presented herein and may be applied to extract an order of magnitude of energetic ions fluxes from existing data sets, while waiting for dedicated high performance instruments.

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Section: Measurements Of Geomagnetically Trapped Hydrogen and Helium mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

et al. 2007

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show abstract

“…Second, collecting data simultaneously at various locations has led to new multispacecraft data synthesis [Friedel et al, 2000]. As a result, new specification models are becoming available (POLE [see Boscher et al, 2003], TPM [see Huston, 2002], Sampex PET [see Heynderickx et al, 1999]) but their spatial coverage is limited and their energy coverage is poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather Quarterly Volume 4, Issue 4, 2007

2007

Space Weather Quarterly

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“…A standard description of such an environment is provided by the AP8 empirical model [2], based on data from satellite experiments in the 1960s and early 1970s. Recently, significant improvements [3,4,5,6] have been made thanks to the data from new spacecrafts [7,8,9,10,11]. Nevertheless, the modeling of the trapped environment is still incomplete, with largest uncertainties affecting the high energy fluxes in the inner zone and the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), where the inner belt makes its closest approach to the Earth 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pamela's Measurement of Geomagnetically Trapped and Albedo Protons

Bruno¹,

Adriani²,

Barbarino³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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Data from the PAMELA satellite experiment were used to perform a detailed measurement of under-cutoff protons at low Earth orbits. On the basis of a trajectory tracing approach using a realistic description of the magnetosphere, protons were classified into geomagnetically trapped and re-entrant albedo. The former include stably-trapped protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly, which were analyzed in the framework of the adiabatic theory, investigating energy spectra, spatial and angular distributions; results were compared with the predictions of the AP8 and the PSB97 empirical trapped models. The albedo protons were classified into quasi-trapped, concentrating in the magnetic equatorial region, and un-trapped, spreading over all latitudes and including both short-lived (precipitating) and long-lived (pseudo-trapped) components. Features of the penumbra region around the geomagnetic cutoff were investigated as well. PAMELA observations significantly improve the characterization of the high energy proton populations in near Earth orbits.

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A low altitude trapped proton model for solar minimum conditions based on SAMPEX/PET data

Cited by 90 publications

References 12 publications

The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

Space Weather Quarterly Volume 4, Issue 4, 2007

Pamela's Measurement of Geomagnetically Trapped and Albedo Protons

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